如何精讀一本書：讀書如讀畫

How to Read to Learn more and Remember Longer? Deep Reading and SQ3R -024

嘿，這是劉博士。在之前的視頻中，我們討論了快速閱讀和快速學習的方法。在這個視
頻中，我將向您展示深度閱讀的方法。這種方法是由教授開發的教科書閱讀策略。它可
以幫助讀者記住他們閱讀的更多內容。該方法最初稱為SQ3R。後來，增加了更多的“R
”。所以有時它會變成SQ4R甚至是SQ5R。在這裏，為了簡單起見，我會堅持使用SQ3R。

SQ3R是有效閱讀和學習的5個步驟的首字母縮寫。 “S”代表調查。 “Q”代表問題。
三個“R”被閱讀，背誦和審查。深度閱讀的第一步是調查。我們希望通過快速調查了
解我們正在閱讀的內容。我們想知道信息的組織方式以及我們需要學習的內容。我們想
要調查的項目通常包括內容表，標題，副標題，前言以及摘要或結論。我們可能還想查
看主要的圖形和圖像。該調查將使我們能夠全麵了解主要觀點是什麽以及章節的組織方
式。當我們稍後閱讀時，這將有助於我們對文本進行可視化和理解。

調查更像是閱讀圖片而不是從頭到尾閱讀文本。當我們閱讀圖片時，我們通常不會從上
到下，或從左到右閱讀。我們想首先閱讀整個圖片，然後決定在哪裏閱讀更多細節。當
我們寫作時，我們實際上正在將思想中的想法轉換為文本的線性輸出。因此，當我們閱
讀時，我們不希望受到文本的線性形式的限製。我們希望盡力恢複作者心中的大局。這
是實際閱讀前的調查目的。

第二步是問題。在進行調查時，我們希望根據我們已經了解的主題來開始提問。這將有
助於我們將新信息與我們現有的知識聯係起來。它使新信息更容易記住。一種方法是將
每個標題和副標題變成一個問題。這個問題將使我們的閱讀成為尋找答案的過程。因此
，閱讀將變得更有動力和更集中。如果我們打算並努力尋找問題的答案，當我們找到它
時，我們更有可能記住它。在我們開始閱讀時，寫下我們的問題可能會有所幫助。

經過調查和提問，我們可能會開始一次閱讀一個部分的信息。讀取隻是SQ3R方法中的一
個“R”，但讀取過程實際上涉及更多的“R”，例如響應，減少和記錄。回應意味著，
在閱讀時，我們始終牢記我們的問題，並積極尋找答案以回答這些問題。減少手段，我
們應該根據我們現有的知識，嚐試將新信息簡化為一些簡短的關鍵詞，或者對我們更有
意義的關鍵概念。記錄意味著記錄從閱讀中獲得的關鍵想法。

響應，減少和記錄是我們進行深度閱讀時需要的三個“R”。所有這三個“R”都幫助我
們將新信息與我們現有的知識聯係起來，從而幫助我們更好地理解。回應涉及回答填補
我們現有知識空白的問題。減少涉及消化新信息，將它們連接到舊信息，並總結所有信
息。記錄用我們自己的話做筆記。記錄不僅可以幫助我們現在理解，還可以幫助我們在
將來進行審查。

在閱讀時，我們應該專注於尋找新概念而不是新事實。事實是片段信息，很容易被遺忘
。我們並不需要記住很多事實，因為我們總是可以在需要時使用穀歌。當事實相互聯係
時，它們可能形成新的概念。概念通常是一種濃縮的知識形式，提供事實之間的關係。
大學裏的許多課程可能花費整整一個學期來解釋一些關鍵概念。關注關鍵概念是掌握新
知識的典型捷徑。好消息是，人類大腦的自然記憶關係比單身事實更容易。事實很容易
被遺忘，但對於概念，一旦我們掌握了它，它通常會與我們一起生活。當我們進行深度
閱讀時，識別關鍵概念的能力，減少新信息以形成新概念的能力，以及減少所有片段事
實和突出其背後邏輯的能力決定了我們學習的有效性。

閱讀之後，我們想借此機會背誦並回顧我們所閱讀的內容。這兩個“R”幫助我們保留
所學的信息。通過背誦，我們內化了我們學到的信息。通過稍後定期審查，我們將我們
學到的信息強化為長期記憶，以供將來使用。對於背誦，我們可以向其他人解釋我們以
簡單，簡化形式學到的東西。我們也可以嚐試回答我們提出的問題，而無需打開本書。
背誦是確認我們真正理解我們所閱讀內容的必要步驟。背誦的質量反映了我們學習的質
量。如果我們無法簡明扼要地背誦，那幾乎總是表明我們並不真正理解，而且我們未能
將新信息與我們現有的知識有效地聯係起來。如需審核，我們可能會查閱我們的注釋，
有時我們可能會根據我們在審核時的最新知識選擇性地重新閱讀某些部分。

世界是連通的，知識也是如此。當我們閱讀了足夠多的書籍時，我們可能會對書籍之間
的關係更加敏感。比較不同作者如何看待相同的問題也是提高我們對所閱讀內容的理解
的有效方法。有時，我們甚至可以見證曆史上人類知識的演變。感謝收看，我是劉博士
，為失敗者提供研究建議。深度閱讀通常用於掌握新概念。略讀通常用於擴展我們現有
的概念。 SQ3R是一種有效的深度閱讀方法，可以幫助我們學習更多知識並記住更長時
間。直到下一次，當它需要一些深度閱讀時，讓我們把它作為一種自然的方式。

How to Read to Learn more and Remember Longer? Deep Reading and SQ3R -024

Hey, it’s Dr. Liu here again. In a previous video, we discussed the method 
for quick reading and quick learning. In this video, I will show you a 
method for deep reading. This method is developed by professors as a 
textbook reading strategy. It can help the reader to remember more of what 
they read. The method is originally called SQ3R. Later, more “R”s are 
added. So sometimes, it becomes SQ4R or even SQ5R. Here, to keep things 
simple, I will stick with SQ3R. 

SQ3R is an acronym for 5 steps to effectively read and learn. “S” stands 
for survey. “Q” stands for question. The three “R”s are read, recite and
review. The first step for deep reading is survey. We want to obtain a 
general idea of what we are reading through a quick survey. We want to know 
how the information is organized and what we need to learn. The items we 
want survey usually include the table of content, headings, subheadings, 
preface, and the summary or conclusions. We may also want to check out major
graphs and images. The survey will allow us to have a general idea about 
what the main ideas are and how the chapters are organized. This will help 
us visualize and make sense of the text when we read it through later. 

Survey is more like reading a picture rather than reading text from 
beginning to end. When we read a picture, we usually do not read from top to
bottom, or from left to right. We want to read the whole picture first and 
then decide where to read for more details. When we are writing, we are 
actually converting a picture of ideas in our mind into the linear output of
text. Therefore, when we are reading, we do not want to be limited by the 
linear form of the text. We want to try our best to restore the big picture 
in the author’s mind. And that is the purpose of survey before actual 
reading.

The second step is question. While doing the survey, it is very nature we 
want to start asking questions based on what we already know about the 
topics we are reading. This will help us to associate the new information 
with our existing knowledge. And it makes the new information easier to 
remember. One method is to turn each heading and subheading into a question.
The question will make our reading become a process of looking for answers.
And therefore, the reading will become more motivated and focused. If we 
intend and try hard to look for the answer for a question, when we find it, 
it is more likely we will be able to remember it. It may be helpful to write
down our questions to refer to as we start reading.

After survey and question, we may begin to read the information one section 
at a time. Reading is just one “R” in the SQ3R method, but the reading 
process actually involves more “R”s, such as respond, reduce and record. 
Respond means, while reading, we always keep our questions in mind, and we 
actively looking for answers to respond to these questions. Reduce means, we
should try to reduce the new information into some brief key words, or key 
concepts that make more sense to us, based on our existing knowledge. Record
means taking notes on key ideas obtained from reading. 

Respond, reduce, and record are the three “R”s we need when we conduct 
deep reading. All these three “R”s help us to associate the new 
information with our existing knowledge, and therefore help us to better 
understand. Respond involves answering questions that fill gaps in our 
existing knowledge. Reduce involves digesting new information, connecting 
them to old information, and summarizing all information. Record is taking 
notes using our own words. Record not only can help us to understand now, 
but also can help us for review in the future.

While reading, we should focus on looking for new concepts rather than new 
facts. Facts are fragment information and can easily be forgotten. We do not
really need to remember many facts, since we can always use google when we 
need them. When facts are connected with each other, they may form new 
concepts. Concepts are usually a condensed form of knowledge that provides 
relationships among facts. Many courses in college may spend a whole 
semester just to explain a few key concepts. Focusing on key concepts is a 
typical shortcut to grasp new knowledge. The good news is, it is nature for 
human brain to remember relationships much easier than singles facts. Facts 
can easily be forgotten, but for concepts, once we grasp it, it usually will
stay with us for a life time. When we conduct deep reading, the ability to 
identify key concepts, the ability to reduce the new information to form new
concepts, and the ability to reduce all the fragment facts and highlight 
the logic behind them determine the effectiveness of our learning. 

After the reading, we want to take chance to recite and review what we have 
read. These two “R”s help us to retain the information we learned. By 
recite, we internalize the information we learned. By review regularly at a 
later time, we reinforce the information we learned into long term memory 
for use in the future. For recite, we may explain to others what we learned 
in simple, reduced forms. We may also try to answer the questions we have 
without opening the book. Recite is a necessary step to confirm that we 
really understand what we have read. The quality of the recite reflects the 
quality of our learning. If we are not able to recite clearly and concisely,
that almost always indicates that we do not really understand, and we 
failed to connect the new information effectively with our existing 
knowledge. For review, we may consult our notes, and sometimes we may want 
to go back to reread certain sections selectively, based on our updated 
knowledge at the time of review.

The world is connected, so is the knowledge. When we have read enough books,
we may be more sensitive on relationships among books. Comparing how the 
same problems are viewed by different authors is also an effective way to 
improve our understanding on what we are reading. Sometimes, we may even 
witness the evolution of human knowledge in the history. Thanks for watching
, I am Dr. Liu with research tips for the underdogs. Deep reading is usually
for grasping new concepts. Skimming is usually for expanding our existing 
concepts. The SQ3R is an effective deep reading method that can help us to 
learn more and remember longer. Until next time, let’s keep it as a nature 
way when it is time for some deep reading. 

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