匆匆過客
生活是一杯茶，從苦澀品出香味。
曼哈頓計劃即二戰中美國製造原子彈的計劃，有許多大學參與了這一計劃，但三所大學對這個計劃做出了巨大貢獻，即：哥倫比亞大學，伯克萊加大以及芝加哥大學，其中伯克萊的物理學教授奧本海默甚至被稱為原子彈之父。以下引文來自網絡。
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BOMB
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese military bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan the next day and officially entered WWII.
With the country at war and the realization that the United States was now three years behind Nazi Germany, President Roosevelt was ready to seriously support U.S. efforts to create an atomic bomb.
Costly experiments began at the University of Chicago, U.C. Berkeley, and Columbia University in New York. Reactors were built in Hanford, Washington and Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Oak Ridge, known as "The Secret City," was also the site of a massive uranium enrichment laboratory and plant.
Researchers worked simultaneously at all of the sites. Harold Urey and his Columbia University colleagues built an extraction system based on gaseous diffusion.
At the University of California in Berkley, the inventor of the Cyclotron, Ernest Lawrence, took his knowledge and skills to devise a process of magnetically separating the uranium-235 (U-235) and plutonium-239 (Pu-239) isotopes.
The research was kicked into high gear throughout 1942. On December 2, 1942, at the University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi created the very first successful chain reaction, in which atoms were split in a controlled environment. This accomplishment gave renewed vigor to the hopes that an atomic bomb was possible.
