風蕭蕭_Frank
以文會友
美國每天都在支付賠款——隻是不向美國黑人支付賠款
https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty-research/policycast/us-pays-reparations-every-day-just-not-black-america
HKS 教員康奈爾威廉布魯克斯和琳達比爾姆斯探討了為什麽美國廣泛的恢複性司法體係與美國黑人遭受的多方麵、代際傷害如此脫節。
由琳達·比爾姆斯和康奈爾·威廉·布魯克斯主演
2022 年 2 月 3 日
農民。 漁民。 失去銀行賬戶或養老金的人。 對新冠疫苗有不良反應的人。 對任何其他疫苗有反應的人。 原住民。 退伍軍人。 退伍軍人的後裔。 在工作中受傷的人。 製造核彈的人。 接觸農藥的人。 患有黑肺病的煤礦工人。 因洪水、幹旱或其他自然災害而失去薪水或房屋的人。 受貿易協定影響的人。
這是一個很長的清單。 但這仍然隻是許多因遭受傷害而從政府或通過政府獲得賠償的人和團體的一小部分。 每天，美國某個地方的某人都在所謂的恢複性司法概念下獲得補償，這種司法不是對不法分子進行懲罰，而是尋求使受害者或其家人完整，或者至少修複他們 越多越好。 恢複性司法也被稱為修複性司法，或者就美國黑人從 1600 年代第一艘運奴船到今天的經曆而言，簡稱為賠償。
但與其他日常賠償不同，黑人賠償被許多人視為高度敏感的政治第三軌，因此去年哈佛大學肯尼迪學院的教員康奈爾威廉布魯克斯和琳達比爾梅斯啟動了一個研究項目，看看他們是否可以改變這種對話。 溫和地說，他們發現了一種反常的情況。 他們對幾個世紀以來美國黑人所遭受的傷害進行了分類，從奴隸製本身到種族隔離、剝奪公民權、經濟和教育歧視、財富不平等等等，他們發現，沒有哪個群體比這更值得被拯救。 他們還研究並編錄了美國龐大的恢複性賠償製度，該製度每天都在發揮作用，使人們從所遭受的傷害中得到補償。 然而，他們沒有發現兩者之間的聯係。
康奈爾大學威廉布魯克斯是非營利管理實踐教授、美國司法部前民權律師、全國有色人種協進會前全國主席。 琳達·比爾梅斯 (Linda Bilmes) 是公共政策高級講師，也是聯合國公共行政專家委員會的美國代表，她的職業生涯就是重新審視有關公共項目的成本、價值和優先事項的假設。 他們與主持人拉爾夫·拉納利 (Ralph Ranalli) 一起討論了他們的研究，該研究將在未來幾周內發表的一篇論文中發表。
劇集注釋：
康奈爾威廉布魯克斯是哈佛大學肯尼迪學院非營利組織實踐豪瑟教授和公共領導和社會正義實踐教授。 他還是該校公共領導中心威廉·門羅·特羅特社會正義合作組織的主任，也是哈佛神學院預言宗教實踐和公共領導力的客座教授。 布魯克斯是全國有色人種協進會 (NAACP) 前主席兼首席執行官、民權律師和被任命為部長。
琳達·J·比爾梅斯 (Linda J. Bilmes) 是丹尼爾·帕特裏克·莫伊尼漢 (Daniel Patrick Moynihan) 公共政策高級講師，也是預算和公共財政問題的領先專家。 她的研究重點是公共、私營和非營利部門的預算和公共管理。 她是哈佛大學的全職教員，教授預算、成本會計和公共財政，並為新當選的市長和國會議員舉辦研討會。 自 2005 年以來，她領導了大波士頓應用現場實驗室，這是一個高級學術項目，學生誌願者團隊在公共財政和運營方麵協助當地社區。 她還領導彭博哈佛城市領導力項目的實地項目。 她目前擔任聯合國公共行政專家委員會（CEPA）唯一的美國成員，以及和平與安全經濟學家組織的副主席。
主辦及製作
拉爾夫·拉納利
聯合製作
蘇珊·休斯
欲了解更多信息，請訪問我們的網頁或通過PolicyCast@hks.harvard.edu聯係我們。
The United States pays reparations every day—just not to Black America
HKS faculty members Cornell William Brooks and Linda Bilmes explore why the extensive U.S. system of restorative justice is so disconnected from the multi-faceted, intergenerational harms suffered by Black Americans.
FEATURING LINDA BILMES & CORNELL WILLIAM BROOKS
FEBRUARY 3, 2022
Farmers. Fishermen. People who’ve lost bank accounts or pensions. People who’ve had a bad reaction to a COVID vaccine. People who’ve had a reaction to any other vaccine. Indigenous people. Veterans. Descendants of veterans. People who get hurt on the job. People who built nuclear bombs. People exposed to pesticides. Coal miners who get black lung disease. People who lose paychecks or homes from floods, droughts, or other natural disasters. People who are impacted by trade agreements.
That’s a long list. But it's still a fraction of the many people and groups who receive compensation either from or through the government for the harms they have suffered. Every day, someone somewhere in America is being compensated under the concept of what is known as restorative justice, a type of justice that instead of meting out punishment to a wrongdoer, seeks to make the victims or their families whole—or at least repair them as much as possible. Restorative justice is also known as reparative justice, or, in the context of the experience of Black Americans from the first slave ships in the 1600s through to today, simply reparations.
But unlike those other, everyday reparations, Black reparations are seen by many as a highly charged political third rail, so last year Harvard Kennedy School faculty members Cornell William Brooks and Linda Bilmes launched a research project to see if they could change the conversation. What they found is a situation that is, to put it mildly, perverse. Cataloging the harms suffered by Black Americans through the centuries from slavery itself through segregation, disenfranchisement, economic and educational discrimination, wealth inequality, and more, they found that no group was perhaps more deserving of being made whole. They also studied and cataloged a huge system of American restorative compensation that works every day to make people whole for harms they have suffered. What they didn’t find, however, was a connection between the two.
Cornell William Brooks is a professor of the practice of nonprofit management, a former civil rights attorney for the U.S. Justice Department, and the former national president of the NAACP. Linda Bilmes is a senior lecturer in public policy and the U.S. representative to the United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration, and she has made a career of re-examining assumptions about the costs, values, and priorities of public programs. They joined host Ralph Ranalli to discuss their research, which is due out in a paper to be published in the coming weeks.
Episode Notes:
Cornell William Brooks is the Hauser Professor of the Practice of Nonprofit Organizations and professor of the practice of public leadership and social justice at Harvard Kennedy School. He is also director of the William Monroe Trotter Collaborative for Social Justice at the School’s Center for Public Leadership, and visiting professor of the practice of prophetic religion and public leadership at Harvard Divinity School. Brooks is the former president and CEO of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights attorney, and an ordained minister.
Linda J. Bilmes is the Daniel Patrick Moynihan Senior Lecturer in Public Policy and a leading expert on budgetary and public financial issues. Her research focuses on budgeting and public administration in the public, private and non-profit sectors. She is a full-time Harvard faculty member, teaching budgeting, cost accounting and public finance, and workshops for newly-elected mayors and members of Congress. Since 2005, she has led the Greater Boston Applied Field Lab, an advanced academic program in which teams of student volunteers assist local communities in public finance and operations. She also leads field projects for the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership program. She currently serves as the sole United States member of the United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration (CEPA), and as vice-chair of Economists for Peace and Security.
Hosted and produced by
Ralph Ranalli
Co-produced by
Susan Hughes
For more information please visit our webpage or contact us at PolicyCast@hks.harvard.edu.
This episode is available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts.
