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歐爾班·維克多 (Viktor Orbán) 對歐洲“種族混合”的攻擊引發公憤
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/24/viktor-orban-against-race-mixing-europe-hungary
匈牙利極右翼總理稱種族混合的國家“不再是國家”
肖恩·沃克在布達佩斯和弗洛拉·加拉姆沃爾吉
2022 年 7 月 24 日 16:46（英國夏令時）
匈牙利極右翼總理歐爾班維克托在一次演講中猛烈抨擊了歐洲和非歐洲種族的“混合”，立即引起了反對黨和歐洲政界人士的憤怒。
“我們（匈牙利人）不是混血兒……我們也不想成為混血兒，”歐爾班周六表示。 他補充說，歐洲人和非歐洲人混合的國家“不再是國家”。
歐爾班多年來一直在提出類似的主張，但這些評論都是以赤裸裸的極右翼措辭表達的。
來自反對黨動力黨的歐洲議會議員卡塔琳·切赫 (Katalin Cseh) 表示，她對總理的講話感到震驚。“他的言論讓我想起了我們都想忘記的一段時光。 他們確實展現了該政權的真實麵目，”她說。
切赫在推特上對匈牙利的混血兒說：“你們的膚色可能不同，你們可能來自歐洲或其他地方，但你們是我們中的一員，我們為你們感到驕傲。 多樣性會增強國家實力，而不是削弱國家實力。”
羅馬尼亞歐洲議會議員阿林·米圖薩也對歐爾班的言論做出憤怒回應。 “談論種族或民族‘純潔性’，尤其是在中歐和東歐這樣一個混合地區，純粹是妄想和危險的。 歐爾班先生也是如此，”他在推特上寫道。
歐爾班是在羅馬尼亞伯伊萊圖什納德舉行的年度演講中發表上述言論的，此前他曾在那裏提出過重大政策想法或意識形態方向。 2014 年，他首次表示要在匈牙利建立“非自由民主”。
今年，歐爾班發表了一場世界末日演講，預測西方的衰落，並預言“充滿危險、不確定性和戰爭的十年”。 他還尖銳批評西方對烏克蘭的軍事支持，將自己定位為莫斯科在歐盟內最重要的盟友。
歐爾班在周六的一次演講中表示：“北約向烏克蘭提供的現代化武器越多，俄羅斯就越會推動前線前進……我們正在做的就是延長戰爭。”
匈牙利是北約成員國，但極右翼歐爾班長期以來與普京保持著友好關係，並在俄羅斯入侵前不久的二月份在莫斯科與俄羅斯領導人進行了五個小時的交談。 這次講話是在他的外交部長出人意料地前往莫斯科進行會談兩天後發表的，這使他遠遠超出了歐洲關於戰爭的共識。
歐爾班表示，西方的任務不應該是希望烏克蘭獲勝，而應該是調解和平協議。 他說：“我們不應該站在俄羅斯一邊，也不應該站在烏克蘭一邊，而應該站在兩者之間。”他補充說，對俄羅斯實施製裁的政策沒有奏效。
烏克蘭外交部發言人奧列格·尼科連科將歐爾班的說法描述為“俄羅斯的宣傳”。
歐爾班在今年早些時候的選舉中贏得了連續第四個任期，他的政府被指控自青民盟 2010 年掌權以來扼殺媒體自由並在民主規範上倒退。自 2015 年難民危機以來，歐爾班政府一直以極右翼反移民言論作為主要論點。
周六，他頻頻提及“大替代”陰謀論，該理論聲稱有人陰謀通過移民來稀釋美國和歐洲國家的白人人口。 他表示，“說歐洲人口已經是混血兒”是“國際主義左派的意識形態伎倆”。
他將人口統計、移民和性別視為未來的主戰場，就在同一天，數千人在布達佩斯集會，參加該市一年一度的驕傲遊行。
歐盟委員會目前正在就匈牙利最近頒布的一項反 LGBTQ+ 法律提起訴訟，該法律是俄羅斯“同性戀宣傳”法的翻版。 它禁止同性戀者出現在學校教材或針對未成年人的電視節目中。
歐爾班在烏克蘭問題上的立場使他失去了一些以前的意識形態盟友的支持，特別是波蘭執政的法律與正義黨，該黨批評了他在戰爭問題上模棱兩可的立場。
布達佩斯政治資本智囊團的彼得·克雷科（Péter Krekó）表示：“他比以往任何時候都更加遠離歐洲主流。” “我認為他確實相信，移民壓力將意味著統一的西方很快就會結束，每個政府都將變得極右……而且很明顯，他希望俄羅斯贏得這場戰爭。”
歐爾班希望在 9 月的意大利選舉中回歸右翼聯盟，並支持唐納德·特朗普在 2024 年回歸。下個月，他將前往德克薩斯州達拉斯，在那裏他將在美國保守派大型集會 CPAC 上發表講話。 今年早些時候，CPAC 在布達佩斯主辦了一次特別會議。
在國內，歐爾班與歐洲機構的鬥爭似乎可能會進一步加劇。 出於腐敗和法治問題，歐盟凍結了專門用於匈牙利的數十億歐元複蘇資金。 歐爾班的嚴厲言論可能表明匈牙利政府已經放棄接受資金。
克雷科說：“他清楚地知道這次演講會引起什麽反應，我認為他正在為不妥協做好準備。” “他想要進行象征性的鬥爭，而不是談論他們需要采取的緊縮措施。”
Viktor Orbán sparks outrage with attack on 'race mixing' in Europe
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/24/viktor-orban-against-race-mixing-europe-hungary
Hungary's far-right prime minister says countries where races mingle are 'no longer nations'
Hungary’s far-right prime minister, Viktor Orbán, has lashed out against the “mixing” of European and non-European races, in a speech that immediately drew outrage from opposition parties and European politicians.
“We [Hungarians] are not a mixed race … and we do not want to become a mixed race,” said Orbán on Saturday. He added that countries where European and non-Europeans mingle were “no longer nations”.
Orbán has been making similar claims for years, but these comments were couched in stark far-right terms.
Katalin Cseh, an MEP from the opposition Momentum party, said she was appalled by the prime minister’s speech. “His statements recall a time I think we would all like to forget. They really show the true colours of the regime,” she said.
On Twitter, Cseh addressed mixed-race people in Hungary: “Your skin colour may be different, you may come from Europe or beyond, but you are one of us, and we are proud of you. Diversity strengthens the nation, it doesn’t weaken it.”
The Romanian MEP Alin Mitu?a also responded angrily to Orbán’s comments. “Speaking about race or ethnic ‘purity’, especially in such a mixed region such as central and eastern Europe, is purely delusional and dangerous. And so is Mr Orban,” he wrote on Twitter.
Orbán made the remarks during a showpiece annual speech in B?ile Tu?nad, Romania, where he has previously floated major policy ideas or ideological directions. It was there, in 2014, that he first said he wanted to build an “illiberal democracy” in Hungary.
This year, Orbán gave an apocalyptic speech predicting the decline of the west and prophesying “a decade of peril, uncertainty, and war”. He also sharply criticised western military support for Ukraine, positioning himself as Moscow’s foremost ally inside the European Union.
“The more modern weapons Nato gives the Ukrainians, the more the Russians will push the frontline forward … What we are doing is prolonging the war,” said Orbán during a speech on Saturday.
Hungary is a member of Nato, but the far-right Orbán has long had warm relations with Putin, and spent five hours in Moscow talking to the Russian leader in February, shortly before the Russian invasion. The speech came two days after his foreign minister made a surprise trip to Moscow for talks, and puts him far outside the European consensus on the war.
Orbán said the job of the west should not be to hope for a Ukrainian victory, but to mediate a peace deal. “We shouldn’t be on Russia’s side, or Ukraine’s side, but between the two,” he said, adding that the policy of imposing sanctions on Russia had not worked.
Oleg Nikolenko, spokesperson for Ukraine’s foreign ministry, described Orbán’s claims as “Russian propaganda”.
Orbán won a fourth consecutive term in office in an election earlier this year, with his government accused of stifling media freedom and backsliding on democratic norms since his Fidesz party won power in 2010. Since the 2015 refugee crisis, Orbán’s government has used far-right anti-migration rhetoric as its main talking point.
On Saturday, he made frequent nods to the “great replacement” conspiracy theory, which claims there is a plot to dilute the white populations of the US and European countries through immigration. He said it was “an ideological trick of the internationalist left to say the European population is already mixed race”.
He named demographics, migration and gender as the main battlefields of the future, on the same day that thousands of people rallied in Budapest for the city’s annual Pride march.
The European Commission is currently suing Hungary over a recent anti-LGBTQ+ law, a copy of Russia’s “gay propaganda” law. It bans gay people from featuring in school educational materials or TV shows aimed at minors.
Orbán’s position on Ukraine has lost him support among some of his previous ideological allies, notably Poland’s ruling Law and Justice party, which has criticised his equivocal stance on the war.
“He’s further away from the European mainstream than ever before,” said Péter Krekó, of the Political Capital thinktank in Budapest. “I think he really believes that migration pressures will mean the united west is soon over and every government will become far right … It’s also clear he wants Russia to win this war.”
Orbán will be hoping for Italian elections in September to return a rightwing coalition, and is also rooting for the return of Donald Trump in 2024. Next month, he is due to travel to Dallas, Texas, where he will address CPAC, a large gathering of American conservatives. Earlier this year, CPAC hosted a special session of the conference in Budapest.
At home, Orbán’s battle with European institutions seems likely to intensify further. The EU has frozen several billion euros of recovery funds earmarked for Hungary over corruption and rule-of-law concerns. Orbán’s harsh speech may be a sign that the Hungarian government has given up on receiving the funds.
“He knows exactly what reaction there would be to this speech, and I think he’s preparing for a lack of compromise,” said Krekó. “He wants to fight the symbolic fight instead of talking about the austerity measures they will need to introduce.”
