新華社巴黎6月22日電（記者喬本孝）為期兩天的新全球融資契約峰會22日在法國巴黎開幕，多國元首或政府首腦、重要國際組織及國際金融機構負責人等出席，探討氣候生態行動與國際金融體係改革現狀與前景，以期為新的全球融資契約凝聚共識。
峰會主辦國法國總統馬克龍在開幕致辭中說，現有國際金融體係是舊共識的結果，它在過去幾十年發揮了積極作用，但已逐漸不能適應新情況，有必要校正，最終締造新的全球融資契約。
馬克龍就此提出4點呼籲：消除貧困與保護地球不能“二選一”，要同時進行；沒有唯一模式，各國有權選擇適合自己的道路；改進公共金融，加強減貧、氣候與生態融資；更好動員私營領域，撬動更多資金。
本次峰會主要議程包括6個主題討論，涵蓋多邊發展銀行、綠色合作、債務與特別提款權、私營領域、創新金融工具、信息數據等。此外，還有80場同期舉行的會外活動等。
在去年11月舉行的二十國集團領導人巴厘島峰會上，馬克龍提議召開本次峰會。他當時在講話中說，我們正進入氣候緊急時代，但現有的國際金融規則並未將此納入考慮。
let me be abusive a little bit president macron and start by doing what is necessary on behalf of the our people； people of Zambia because Zambia was more or less used like a guinea pig welcome to candid Africa truthful and Unapologetic one of the deliverables for this Summit and president
macron is aware I came down here and requested that obviously also the president of China and
that we should ensure that by the time this Summit takes place we'll have delivered the Zambia debt
restructuring project and as that yesterday this is one of the deliverables at this Summit thank
you to China thank you to France for sharing the G20 framework thank you to South Africa for being
the deputy chair for this process and also to all of the countries that in one world or another
supported this process to reach the conclusion it did yesterday and the benefit it will deliver
to other data countries because Zambia was more or less used like a guinea pig and we are now
in this situation and we hope that the lessons of that process can be learned and learned correctly
and be applied to the other processes that will commence the starting I believe uh following this
this Summit but I must also say thank you to the people of Zambia for their patience
we took this project as one of our responsibilities before we formed government
as an opposition party that debt restructuring was a critical deliverable for us and the people of
Zambia were very patient extremely patient pain on the other side because this structural adjustment
the structural processes and if there's one lesson that I want to share with other countries that
leadership is crucial at the country level to be clear of what you want and say so to your people
people may not support everything that's necessary institutional reform
consumption expenditure controls I dare say habits of corruption I enjoyed by many in our countries
and when you put reforms you confront them as well but it's important to be intentional as leaders
and then deliver that to our communities they will go through the pain but they will support
you as Zambians have done that thank you very much to the people let me put context to this
the poverty and climate change we have already argued that these are intertwined
there's no question about it let me draw the first aspect of the connection
even before we talk about financing new financing more financing
when countries are not growing
economically you cannot expect a poor person to carry an additional burden
that is necessary Drive Cross Drive development so poverty actually exacerbates
the climate change mitigation measures I argue and it's very clear
if you are asking your poor people to switch energy sources can they afford from charcoal
to clean lineage they are already stressed so we need to find mechanisms to support
the poor in our countries less privileged I heard this word called poverty the poor but the less
privileged to be able to come through to support the changes that are required to mitigate climate
change negative effects I think that's very very important it's also true to say climate change
on the flip side has imposed new obligations on the less privileged for us as a global Community
to mobilize resources yes but these resources must be invested to help grow the economies
of the less developed countries very important because by doing that we are creating capacity
in those economies to mitigate against climate change and obviously poverty reduction so value
addition not just with the electric vehicle industry that is coming through huge industry
it is important president macron that we look at deliberately in investing in extraction
critical minerals for example in value adding these manuals in country
obviously that will help the growth side of the GDP create jobs business opportunities
for the transactional change in there if I may call it that so I think this must be delivered
as well rather than generic discussions we must dive deep into the envelope and begin
to say these are requirements these are needs these are minimums and it will mutually benefit
as somebody said yesterday not to paralyze the conversation the North and the South it would
definitely be structured properly benefit the north the South and that's not the debate we
must be engaging in but mutuality for greater good for a safe world for a world that we can
pass on to the next Generation in a responsible manner there we have it let us know if you liked
or hated what you had in the comments Below in this show we do not give you opinions we
want us to discuss below that's a whole point of listening to a candid speech not as imposing our
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me mikeymushi from 2nacheki and that has been your candid Africa truthful and Unapologetic
[Music]
Thank you
(Bloomberg) -- Zambia will pay interest rates of as low as 1% until 2037 as part of its debt restructuring deal secured with nations including China this week, according to people with knowledge of the matter.
The southern African country will push out maturities on $6.3 billion in bilateral debt to 2043, representing an average extension of more than 12 years. Rates will increase to a maximum 2.5% after 14 years under the baseline scenario, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the details weren’t public. Zambia was paying an average of 3.9% on its Chinese bilateral loans, according to estimates by Debt Justice, a UK organization that campaigns for loan cancellation for poor nations.
The Zambian government announced the landmark deal in Paris this week under the Group of 20’s Common Framework mechanism for traditional creditors of the Paris Club to negotiate deep relief alongside new lenders, especially China. The nation must now get its private creditors to agree to comparable treatment.
Read More: Zambia Wins Debt Relief, Sets Precedent for Stressed Nations
It’s a major breakthrough for a process that had been mired in delays, just as the number of countries needing restructuring expanded. Zambia became Africa’s first pandemic-era sovereign defaulter in November 2020, and has been in talks with its official creditor committee for about a year.
“It was like a mission impossible,” Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema said Saturday to a cheering crowd of hundreds at the airport on his return to Zambia’s capital, Lusaka. “It wasn’t a straight line. It was zig-zag, sideways, forward, backwards, down, up. But we kept our eyes on the ball.”
While the deal doesn’t include debt cancellation, and rather pushes out maturities at much lower interest rates, people including International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva welcomed what she described as “deep debt relief.” Chinese lenders resisted writedowns, preferring to extend payment terms.
The Zambian finance ministry couldn’t immediately provide comment when asked to confirm the details. A London-based spokesperson for Lazard Freres, the government’s financial advisers, declined to comment. The Chinese embassy in Lusaka didn’t respond to requests for comment.
The deal includes a contingency for if Zambia’s economy performs better than expected, at which point creditors will get paid more. Zambia said in October it’s seeking to revamp about $12.8 billion in loans out of its total external public liabilities that grew to more than $18 billion by the end of 2022.
Other key terms of the deal, reported here for the first time, include:
- Under the baseline scenario, the reduction to net present value of the debt equals about 40% using a 5% discount factor.
- If Zambia is judged to be upgraded to a “medium” debt carrying capacity, interest rates rise to a maximum 4%.
- Principal repayments are to begin in 2026, at 0.5% or about $30 million yearly, until 2035.
- A loan for the Kafue Gorge Lower hydropower plant will be included in the restructuring, even after China requested it be ring-fenced.
While the IMF put Zambia’s bilateral debt at nearly $8 billion by the end of 2021, the government said it’s restructuring $6.3 billion in official loans. The reason for the difference is that some Chinese debt was reclassified as commercial, the people said. These loans will still get comparable treatment.
Zambia now needs to seek restructuring terms at least as favorable from its commercial creditors, including the holders of $3 billion in eurobonds that are also more than $500 million in arrears.
Hichilema in his speech on Saturday thanked French President Emmanuel Macron and Chinese President Xi Jinping. China and France co-chaired the official creditors’ committee. Zambia’s leader said in an interview on Friday that he plans to visit China within the next three months or so, in what would be his first trip there since winning power in August 2021.
--With assistance from Taonga Mitimingi and Jennifer Zabasajja.
耶倫施壓失敗，中國說到做到，寬限讚比亞貸款，更激烈博弈在路上
https://www.163.com/dy/article/I85CPK0205561A6I.html?
2023-06-26 陳鶯遷
中國說到做到，寬限讚比亞債務還款期限，耶倫對中國提出了怎樣的要求？中方為何要對出言不遜的讚比亞伸出援手？為什麽說更激烈的博弈還在後麵？
受新冠疫情和世界經濟低迷的影響，第三世界國家的債務違約問題成為國際金融焦點，其中讚比亞在2020年便成了首個在疫情後發生債務違約的非洲國家。
不過圍繞讚比亞的債務重組問題，世界各國卻有不少爭議。
據《華爾街日報》6月23日報道，有知情人士透露，中國和西方債權人已經與讚比亞政府達成協議，將延長讚比亞63億美元貸款的寬限期，根據新協議內容，這筆63億美元的貸款即將進入20年的償還期，不過讚比亞在此之前又額外獲得了3年的寬限期。
根據IMF（國際貨幣基金組織）發布的數據，讚比亞目前有多達167億美元的外債，其中中國是其最大的債權國，貸款約為59.4億美元。
需要指出的是，雖然讚比亞借中國的錢最多，但是對中國的態度卻並不算友善。
在讚比亞爆發債務違約後，讚比亞政府便提出了一個全新的債務減免計劃，要求通過直接承擔本金損失或降低利率和延長償還期的方式，將其債權的總價值減少一半，估值大約是60億美元，這個過程中，最大債權國中國損失的利益無疑是最多的。
因此，中方提出了希望世界銀行或其他國家債權人，都能夠參與債務減免的工作，而不是讓中國單方麵承擔損失。
然而中方的提議卻遭到了世界銀行的拒絕，甚至讚比亞財長還對中國發出警告，稱中國的債務重組計劃，幹擾了債務減免進程，阻礙了讚比亞的經濟複蘇。
雖然讚比亞出言不遜，但中方依然保持了最大程度的尊重，中國外交部多次強調，讚比亞的債務重組問題需要各利益相關方相互理解、相互信任，共同努力找到最佳的解決方案。
雖然中方在讚比亞的債務結構中占比接近三分之一，但是以西方為主的商業債權人和多邊金融機構債務也占比70%，因此緩解讚比亞的債務壓力，絕非中國一家的責任。
而且，就在讚比亞對中國出言不遜的前夕，美國財政部部長耶倫剛剛訪問讚比亞，並與該國總統穆索科圖瓦內舉行會談，耶倫更是點名喊話中國，要求中國減免讚比亞的債務，隨即遭到了中國讚比亞大使館的駁斥。
也就是從這個時候開始，讚比亞對中國態度大變。
要知道，中國多年來一直不遺餘力地支持讚比亞的建設和發展，還為讚比亞承建了下凱富峽水電站，為其國內的民生改善作出了重要貢獻，讚比亞因債務壓力而急功近利，反而對主要債權國家施壓，這絕對不是理智的行為。
而且自那之後，耶倫時不時就會用債務重組的話題來施壓中國。
今年4月，中國人民銀行行長易綱前往美國參加國際貨幣基金組織/世界銀行春季例會，雖然中方並沒有與耶倫會麵的行程，但是耶倫依然不忘隔空喊話，要求中國為第三世界國家的債務重組負起責任。
不僅如此，美國還借助對世界銀行和IMF的影響力，進一步向中國施壓。
其中時任世界銀行行長的戴維·馬爾帕斯表示，全球有超過70個低收入國家背負著總計3260億美元的債務，其中有15%的低收入國家陷入債務困境，而中國作為發展中國家最大的雙邊債權人，必須同意建立債務重組的新秩序。
而IMF總裁格奧爾基耶娃也表示，中國還沒有意識到，自己需要遵守多邊債務重組的規則，中國需要發揮自己的作用。
就在不久前，耶倫又在美國國會上宣稱，中國對發展中國家尤其是貧困國家發放的貸款是“不可持續”的，並認為世界銀行等機構是製衡中國的關鍵力量，美國國會要加強對這些機構的“財政支持”。
耶倫直接對世界銀行提出要求，稱中國沒有資格得到世界銀行的貸款。
事實上，美國對世界銀行的確有極大的影響力，美國是認購世界銀行股份最多的國家，甚至世界銀行新任行長彭安傑，都是拜登政府提名的。
不過彭安傑似乎並不打算買美國的賬，彭安傑直言，中國不是世行的“競爭對手”，世行也不想卷入中美的競爭。
中國外交部發言人汪文斌隨後也駁斥了耶倫的說法，指出國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行不是美國國際貨幣基金組織，也不是美國世界銀行。
汪文斌還強調，中國始終基於公開透明原則同發展中國家開展融資合作，不附加任何政治條件，不尋求任何政治私利，並一直幫助發展中國家緩解債務負擔，在二十國集團緩債倡議當中所做的貢獻最大。
如今，中國同意了讚比亞的貸款寬限協議，其實也是對耶倫的一次回擊。
不過前文我們也談到了，本次寬限的讚比亞貸款金額為63億美元，也就是說，讚比亞接下來還有超過160億美元的還款需要解決。
而數據顯示，中國對外借出的貸款接近1萬億美元，其中不少國家都已經瀕臨或者已經發生債務違約，例如在加納中國還占有19億美元的貸款，斯裏蘭卡也欠著中國73.8億美元的債務。
讚比亞的貸款寬限，經過了18個月的討論才得以簽署協議，更多的第三世界國家依然“嗷嗷待哺”，這也意味著，中國與美國等西方債權國的博弈，才剛剛開始。
美國安顧問稱中國借債務接管讚比亞國企，讚比亞官方出麵辟謠
童黎 2018-12-16
導讀
有意思的是，2018年上半年，讚比亞共向各類債權人支付了3.4182億美元的利息，而英國媒體《非洲機密》將其誤報為了4.89億美元。
【編譯/觀察者網 童黎】
“令人遺憾的是，這種（錯誤）信息竟來自如此高級別的官員。”美國安顧問博爾頓（John Bolton）聲稱中國借債務“接管”讚比亞國有企業，隨即遭到讚政府正麵“打臉”。
值得注意的是，幾個月前，讚比亞官方就已專門發聲明澄清此事，但美高官仍想借此炒作“中國債務陷阱論”。
報道截圖
據路透社12月16日報道，讚比亞否認了白宮官員稱中國將“接管”讚比亞國有電力企業，以此彌補60-100億美元債務的說法。
13日，美國國家安全顧問博爾頓聲稱，中國顯然想擴大在讚比亞等非洲國家的勢力，並準備“接管”讚比亞的公用事業公司——讚比亞國家電力公司Zesco，以收回相關債務。
博爾頓 視頻截圖
但讚比亞方麵強調，這家公司從沒當過抵押品，該國欠下的中國債務僅為31億美元。
讚比亞總統發言人阿莫斯·錢達（Amos Chanda）就此向路透社澄清道，博爾頓拋出的數字——60-100億美元是錯誤的。他表示，讚比亞目前的外債總額為97億美元，其中包括中國持有的31億美元債務。
“令人遺憾的是，這種（錯誤）信息竟來自如此高級別的官員。事實上，Zesco並不在讚比亞的中國債務計劃範圍內。”
錢達補充稱，讚比亞重視與中美兩國的關係，不會僅和其中一國打交道。
事實上，這已經不是讚比亞官方第一次否認相關謠言。
據《讚比亞報告》、《盧薩卡時報》等多家當地媒體9月中旬報道，有消息稱，讚比亞政府正與中國國有企業就“接管”Zesco等國有資產進行談判。讚比亞政府隨即直截了當地否認了這一說法。
9月13日，讚比亞財政部長姆瓦納卡特韋（Margaret Mwanakatwe）專門發表聲明強調，政府沒有向任何貸款方提供任何國有企業作為任何貸款的抵押品，與中國政府及中資放款人相關的債務也沒有出現違約，影射中國政府“接管”任何資產的做法不切實際也不可行。
姆瓦納卡特韋 圖自《盧薩卡時報》
有意思的是，她當時也指出，2018年上半年，讚比亞共向各類債權人支付了3.4182億美元的利息，而英國媒體《非洲機密（Africa Confidential ）》將其誤報為了4.89億美元。
另據路透社報道，今年6月，讚比亞決定無限期推遲所有計劃中的借款，減緩了新債務的累積速度。該國總統倫古（Edgar Lungu）上月表示，將致力於提高其債務管理的透明度，並確保債務水平保持可持續。
此外，讚比亞財政部長近期表示，該國政府計劃在今年年底前派遣代表團前往中國，討論讚比亞的債務和債務重組問題。
盡管讚比亞曾經鄭重“打假”，否認過西方媒體的錯誤報道，但美高官仍舊想借此炒作“中國債務陷阱論”，為美國“新非洲戰略”造勢，將矛頭直指中國和俄羅斯。
據路透社報道，博爾頓聲稱中俄在非洲的商業行為是“腐敗（corrupt）”而“具有掠奪性的（predatory）”，還叫囂稱美國計劃與這兩國帶來的經濟、政治影響對抗。
14日，外交部發言人陸慷就博爾頓13日的演講回應表示，就中方而言，我們始終以開放的態度看待國際社會對非合作，歡迎國際社會各方在尊重非洲的基礎上加大對非投入，支持非洲發展。同時，我們始終認為，有關合作應充分尊重非洲意願，切實符合非洲需要，不幹涉非洲內政，不附加任何政治條件。
圖自外交部網站
他指出，談到對非合作，中方談論的都是非洲國家需要什麽，比如說工業化和農業現代化。但大家可以看看美方有關人士談非洲時的表態，除了談論美國自身的利益和需要之外，美方想的不是非洲，而是中國和俄羅斯。到底誰在為非洲謀福祉，誰在非洲另有所圖，公道自在人心。
陸慷舉例道，納米比亞總統根哥布說，某些國家對中國在納米比亞影響力的所謂關切令人厭煩，請不要低估非洲人民的智商，非洲人民知道如何處理自己的事務。中方將繼續秉持真實親誠理念和正確義利觀，加強與非洲國家的友好互利合作推動中非全麵戰略合作夥伴關係不斷向前發展。
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