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The U.S. regrets for supporting China WTO accession 後悔支持中國加入世界貿易

(2018-01-21 02:21:09) 下一個

 

Trump administration says U.S. mistakenly backed China WTO accession in 2001
 
 
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States mistakenly supported China’s membership of the World Trade Organization in 2001 on terms that have failed to force Beijing to open its economy, the Trump administration said on Friday as it prepares to clamp down on Chinese trade.
“It seems clear that the United States erred in supporting China’s entry into the WTO on terms that have proven to be ineffective in securing China’s embrace of an open, market-orientated trade regime,” the administration said in an annual report to Congress on China’s compliance with WTO commitments.
“It is now clear that the WTO rules are not sufficient to constrain China’s market-distorting behavior,” the report said.
While the annual report from the U.S. Trade Representative’s office has long taken China to task for unfair trade practices, the first such review under U.S. President Donald Trump takes a harsher tone against Beijing.
It comes amid worsening trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies and as the administration prepares actions to curb China’s alleged theft of intellectual property. A decision in the so-called “Section 301” investigation is expected in the coming weeks.
The report also points at Russia’s behavior, saying Moscow had no intention of complying with its WTO obligations, a trend the administration said was “very troubling.”
A White House official said despite consultations with China, it had failed to follow through on promises of moving more toward a market-orientated economy and playing by international trading rules.
“The president and his principal advisor are united in the belief that this is a problem that has gone on for too long and needs to be addressed,” the official said.
“In the past, conversations have focused more on discreet opening for discreet products, and what we’re saying is systematically we’re not going to tolerate broad-based policy that attempts to promote state-led enterprises,” the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Trump told Reuters in an interview this week he was considering a big “fine” against China for forcing U.S. companies to transfer their intellectual property to China as a cost of doing business there.
While the administration is also looking at whether foreign imports of steel, aluminum, washing machines and solar panels are harming U.S businesses, China’s alleged theft of intellectual property is a particular concern to Trump because it affects a large swath of American firms, the official said.
Trump did not specify what he meant by a “fine” against China, but the 1974 trade law that authorized an investigation into China’s alleged theft of U.S. intellectual property allows him to impose retaliatory tariffs on Chinese goods or other trade sanctions until China changes its policies.
In Beijing, many experts believe Washington is unwilling to pay the heavy economic price needed to upset prevailing trade dynamics between the two countries.
In the report released on Friday, Trump’s trade envoy, Robert Lighthizer, said the global economy was threatened by major economies who undermined the global trading system.
“The global trading system is threatened by major economies who do not intend to open their markets to trade and participate fairly,” Lighthizer said. “This practice is incompatible with the market-based approach expressly envisioned by WTO members and contrary to the fundamental principles of the WTO.”
The Trump administration has already pledged to transform 164-member trade body and has blocked WTO judicial appointments in a move to win WTO reforms.
“What we want to do is see countries behave responsibly within the international trading system,” the White House official said.
Reporting by Lesley Wroughton; editing by Clive McKeef
Our Standards:The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

美貿易代表辦公室:“錯誤地”支持了中國加入世界貿易組織

2018-01-20 17:16:10

【觀察者網綜合報道】新年伊始,中美貿易摩擦又有抬頭跡象。19日,美國貿易代表辦公室網站上,兩份分別關於中俄的報告赫然在列,指責兩國違反當初加入WTO(世界貿易組織)的承諾和規範。報道中,美國稱當初“錯誤地”支持了中國在2001年加入WTO。

美國貿易代表辦公室網站截圖

報告稱,中俄兩國沒有遵守WTO倡導的市場經濟導向政策,並且未履行當初加入WTO時的部分關鍵承諾。報告還說,WTO的規則無法約束北京的幹涉政策,美國在2001年“錯誤地”支持了中國加入WTO。

“美國承諾與WTO成員國一起努力,朝著創建更高效市場、經濟互惠和財富共贏的目標共同奮鬥。”“但是……”,美國貿易代表辦公室大使萊特希澤說,“這裏有兩份報告顯示了,全球貿易體係遭到了主要經濟體的威脅,他們無意打開貿易市場,進行公平交易。”他聲稱,中俄兩國的行為,在WTO的市場導向政策中是無法容忍的,與WTO的基本原則完全背道而馳。

這兩份遞交美國國會的年度報告措辭強硬,其中一份專門針對中國政府,甩出了多項批評指摘。

“加入WTO近20年,中國政府至今仍然持續不斷地大範圍推行幹涉政策與措施,旨在限製進口商品和服務、外國製造商和服務供應商的市場準入。”美國貿易代表辦公室在報告中宣稱,中國監控當局不允許美國公司自行決定技術轉移、知識產權的轉讓與許可,不僅如此,還把外國公司的技術轉移作為投資的先決條件。

自特朗普上台以來,中美通過對話達成不少成果,但報告稱,像“中國市場重新對美國牛肉開放”這樣的措施“微不足道”。

報告中還寫到:“中國執意在經濟領域扮演領導角色,持續施行能夠推進、引導、支持本土產業的政策,同時積極設法阻撓、打擊、傷害外國的競爭對手,不惜違背WTO成員國應該遵循的市場導向經濟作法與WTO協議基本原則。”

此外,報告中指責中國政府使用了大量“史無前例的”、“其他成員國不會使用的”政策工具,目的是為了打擊國外企業,以促進中國產業發展。

亞洲新聞台今天(20日)報道稱,美國總統特朗普以“美國優先”原則,不斷譴責盟友在貿易上的不公平,而主要針對的則是中國。報道稱,2016年中美貿易逆差達到3090億美元(約人民幣2萬億元),去年則擴大了100億美元(約人民幣640億元)。

亞洲新聞台報道截圖

而在另一份關於俄羅斯的報告中,美國貿易代表辦公室指責莫斯科自2012年加入WTO以來,正從開放市場中“加速撤離”,並舉出了“冗雜的進口文件”、“不透明的海關製度”、“組織農業進口”等例子。並且,同樣聲稱“如果俄羅斯還沒有完全準備好加適應WTO規則,那麽讓它加入就是個錯誤”。

值得一提的是,美國貿易代表辦公室還在12日公布的一個黑名單裏,將中國、加拿大、印度等國的一些商家列入黑名單,其中包括阿裏巴巴集團旗下淘寶、北京知名的紅橋市場、秀水市場。

對此,商務部新聞發言人高峰18日回應稱,美方的報告缺少確鑿證據,也沒有相關的數據支撐,有欲蓋彌彰之嫌。而針對近期美方通過的“保護美國通訊法案”,高峰則以“希望美方客觀、公正對待中國企業、中國產品”予以回應。分析認為,盡管中美貿易糾紛不斷,但作為世界兩大經濟體,合作共贏仍是兩國未來關係大勢。

商務部發言人高峰

此外,據@國是直通車官方微博1月18日消息,針對近期美國貿易投資保護主義明顯抬頭,中國商務部新聞發言人高峰稱,中方希望中美貿易摩擦不會升級,但也會堅決維權。希望美國以發展的眼光,以建設性方式與中國相向而行,在合作中解決矛盾,在對話中避免風險,推動中美關係在正確軌道上前行。

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