年輕時讀的書太少，即便讀過名著也是簡寫版的。最近讀了生平第一本托爾斯泰的小說《安娜卡列尼娜》,也是從女兒留下的幾箱書裏找出來的一本最厚的小說。女兒上高中時學校要求讀的小說，為此她還寫了一篇模仿托爾斯泰寫作風格的“安娜故事”片段。當我撿起這本貼滿了標簽的小說，讀到每一個有標簽處就會想起她，一個當年隻有十五六歲的女孩，她讀懂了多少，這個標簽在這裏代表什麽。
我想，以我的閱曆讀這本小說，該是讀懂了百分之八九十。前後讀了整整兩個多月。一日跟LD談起讀到之處的感慨，說，自己讀完了要寫一篇博文。LD嗤之以鼻一笑，說，這麽大的一作家，評論多了去了，輪到你評？想想有道理。我肯定是寫不出深度的。所以評論不敢，就一些概括、感想，也算是對兩個多月的閱讀一個總結吧。
托爾斯泰的《安娜卡列尼娜》是以兩對戀人的故事為主線, 一對是Levin和Kitty， 另一對是Anna和 Vrosky。前一對是正常年輕人的戀愛，因為Kitty母親的門當戶對觀念的幹涉，Kitty情感上的搖擺、Levin的自卑沮喪，感情路上有波折有插曲，但是最終有情人終成眷屬。後一對裏的女主人Anna是婚外情。Anna認識Vrosky時已結婚，她有個政府官員的丈夫和一個八歲的可愛兒子。她和Vrosky兩人一見鍾情，深涉愛河不能自拔，最後還生下一女。當然，這樣的一段感情在當時社會環境下不被祝福也是在情理之中，即便放在今日，又有多少人會認同、理解和支持。所以，最後的結局是個悲劇，Anna臥軌自殺，Vrosky心如死灰，六個星期不說一句話，最後報名去了前線，隻想戰死沙場。
如果說，Levin和Kitty是真心相愛，那麽我想Anna和Vrosky之間的真愛一樣無可質疑，這一點不能因為人們的道德觀而改變，也不應因為不被世人所接受而打折扣。試想，Anna為了Vrosky, 眾叛親離，忍受與兒子的分離，忍受眾人的鄙視和唾棄。而Vrosky為了Anna，拋棄一切世俗觀念，不管不顧人們的流言蜚語，頂住母親的壓力；為了她，他放棄自己在軍中的前程，不愛江山愛美人；也因為她，扳動手槍企圖自殺。如果這不是真愛是什麽？然後，就是這樣的愛情，麵對殘酷的現實還是望而生畏，日漸凋零。Anna進退維穀，丈夫不答應離婚，不讓她見兒子的麵；Vrosky也麵臨著無法給他女兒名分，將來無法讓她繼承財產之類的問題。寡寡欲歡的Anna心力憔悴，瀕臨絕境，她隻能夜夜靠嗎啡麻醉自己入睡。漸漸地，兩人的關係也開始出現縫隙，Vrosky想走出兩個人的生活圈，重新步入社會，留Anna一個人在家。Anna在壓抑鬱悶之際開始懷疑猜忌Vrosky對她的愛，最後精神崩潰，一個人離家出走，葬身在滾滾車輪之下。
沒讀小說之前就知道Anna的結局，所以一直在想一個問題，也一直在讀的過程尋找這樣一個答案：Anna的臥軌自殺該責怪誰？誰是背後那雙無形的手把她推進死亡深淵的？怪她的丈夫Alex嗎？ 小說中的Alex對Anna真是寬容的。當知道妻子紅杏出牆，與Vrosky有染，他聽之任之，甚至不敢麵對。當謠言四起，不得不麵對時，他對Anna說，他願意維持現狀，對Anna隻有一個要求，就是不要把Vrosky帶到家裏。他不願意離婚，一方麵是為孩子，一方麵為Anna，當然也為他自己的名聲。可Anna一意孤行，還是在家裏見Vrosky。為此，忍無可忍的Alex請好律師準備離婚。就當離婚在暗中緊鑼密鼓地進行時，Anna難產了，生下她和Vrosky的女兒，在病重麵臨死亡之際，她求得丈夫原諒，願意與Vrosky斷絕關係。丈夫原諒她了，而且對待新出生的女兒視如己出。試問，有多少男人可以做到這些？當然，後來，Alex在一個貴夫人的慫恿下，有點出爾反爾，又不答應離婚，也不讓Anna探視兒子，讓痛苦中的Anna雪上加霜，對Anna最後的死起到一定程度的推波助瀾作用。但是，如果把Anna的死歸咎於他丈夫是不公平的。在我看來，一部分是當時社會的壓力歧視，最主要還是她本人無法麵對各種屈辱，壓抑已久的心中夾雜著因Vrosky對她的不理解，不夠關心而產生的失望誤解。她那種覺得無法擺脫命運，想以死來解脫，報複他人的心理，造成她最後走向絕路。
雖然這是一部愛情小說，然而作者在小說中又花了不少筆墨談社會問題、農村現狀、存在的不合理。他談人生信仰，談人的生與死。這些都賦予了小說的社會性、時代性、深度和廣度。比如，談到生死，作者寫Levin在哥哥病危時，近距離感受死亡，死亡帶給人的恐懼，死的不可避免；又寫Anna的好幾次想到死，想一了百了。他通過Levin來接示，人生有很多迷，人的死是一個，不可解，不可抗拒。死亡可以離人很近，隻有愛可以帶人遠離絕望，遠離死亡的恐懼，從而充滿希望的活著。
有意思的是，托爾斯泰通達世俗凡塵。寫Levin同胞異母(or異父)兄弟Sergey四十多歲未婚，偶遇一個可愛女子心動時，他喜歡的除了她的青春，單潔，不世俗，還考慮到她孤身一人，結婚後不會帶七大姑八大姨的親戚來煩他。另外，書中在描述男子婚齡時，說到這樣一段話，可是會讓男人們歡心鼓舞一下。基本上就是說，“在法國，男人五十是黃金階段，四十歲的男子還是年輕小夥子。”
“There was one consideration against it--his age. But he came of a long-lived family, he had not a single gray hair, no one would have taken him for forty, and he remembered Varenka's saying that it was only in Russia that men of fifty thought themselves old, and in France, a man of fifty considers himself in the "prime time", while a man of forty is " a young man". But what did the mere reckoning of years matter when he felt as young in heart as he had been twenty years ago?"
記住喔，這可是在十九世紀啊，想來當今的醫術這麽發達，人的壽命的延長，it rings more true now.
不得不說，托爾斯泰真是個駕馭文字的大家 (讀的還是翻譯的英氣版)，文中的精彩之處比比皆是。作為一個男作家，他對女性心理刻畫的如此真實細膩，每一個神情、眼神、動作、景物等等的描寫，讓人拍案叫絕。一個十九世紀的作家，寫出來的作品跨越時空，跨越國界，跨越人種，對人性的刻畫入木三分，酣暢淋漓，無愧於閃爍在曆史長河中一塊光彩奪目、經久不衰的瑰寶。
Sifting through boxes of novels left behind by my daughter a couple of months ago, I spotted Anna Karenina buried deep in the box. Leafing through the book, I saw all the colorful stickers left between the pages. The memories of my daughter, six or seven years ago, sitting in front of her desk, reading and writing the assigned homework of an imagined story of Anna, suddenly flooded all over me. Fearful of reading small prints of a book of more than 750 pages, I hesitatingly picked it up. But it turned out to be such a worthwhile reading that in the ensuing two months, I engrossed myself in the riveting novel.
Written in the nineteenth century by a renowned Russian writer Tolstoy, this novel is a timeless masterpiece. It is basically a love story, the theme of which is explored explicitly through the tales of two couples.
Anna, a charming heroine in the novel, marries a husband she does not love. Life would have gone on if it were not for the appearance of Vrosky, a young, handsome and rich cavalry officer. They fell head over heels in love. The budding love, in defiance of conventional rules and moral, culminates but almost shatters to pieces when Anna was near her death in delivering her baby daughter, and when Vrosky shot himself. But once Anna recovers physically and spiritually, their love revives. She and Vrosky honeymooned abroad, trying to forget the earthly world. However romantic the love is, they must return to face the reality that Anna could not get a divorce from her husband. Neither is she allowed to see her own son. Torn and tormented, Anna relies on morphine to tide over her days. Meanwhile, her misunderstanding and jealousy towards Vrosky escalate that she is under the illusion Vrosky no longer loves her. Out of despair and revenge, she ends her life by flinging herself in front of a running train.
Contrasted by this tragic misfortune, the other couple, Levin and Kitty’s love is much blessed, though at the beginning, Kitty, under the influence of her mother, turns down Levin’s proposal in favor of Vrosky. But their love was rekindled after hiatus, and their marriage is just what one desires in life.
The novel Anna Karenina is no doubt a time-tested classic. One would be amazed to find that a man writer like Tolstoy could so adroitly capture women’s mind and psyche and putting them in words. His mastery skill of depicting details with great vividness and accuracy, such as a scene, a facial expression, a gesture, a movement, helps bring everything to life, putting readers in Moscow, in Petersburg, in the countryside, in the situations where heroes and heroines suffer, struggle or rejoice.
Interwoven in the novel are the discussions of life and death, the meaning of being extant, one’s insoluble fate, the philosophy, religion, political movement, all of which renders the novel the depth as well as its social meanings. As a matter of fact, I am still baffled toward the end of the novel as to why the author spent so many chapters dwelling upon the topics of religion and philosophy. But one thing is for sure, i.e., what Tolstoy reveals in his novel is more than “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” It is a novel that explores the human nature, which remains unchanged throughout history and across cultures. The significance of this revelation transcends time.
The following paragraph is copied from the book.
"The sight of his brother, and the nearness of death, revived in Levin that sense of horror in face of the insoluble enigma, together with the nearness and inevitability of death, that had come upon him that autumn evening when his brother had come to him. This feeling was now even stronger than before; even less than before did he feel capable of apprehending the meaning of death, and its inevitability rose up before him more terrible than ever. But now, thanks to his wife’s presence, that feeling did not reduce him to despair. In spite of death, he felt that the need of life and love. He felt that love saved him from despair, and that this love, under the menace of despair, had become still stronger and purer. The one mystery of death, still unsolved, had scarcely passed before his eyes, when another mystery had arisen, as insoluble, urging him to love and to life."
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哈哈哈，法國人骨子裏的浪漫，誰也擋不住也學不來，不像老中們裝模做樣的風騷
這麽好的文章居然不能上首頁，我看文學城該真要改成吃喝拉撒城更為合適， 無語
謝謝暖冬分享，周末快樂！
Congratulations! I think that's an achievement in itself.
“安娜對丈夫有發自生理的厭惡” 這個是關鍵
我曾經讀過一本書，有關感情的，其中有一段是這麽說的，the average life span of a romantic obsession is two years. If it is a secretive love affair, it may last a little longer. Eventually, however, we all descend from the clouds and plant our feet on earth again."
我非常認同這樣的觀點，但並不是說生活裏就沒有愛情，愛情的維持肯定不能考靠激情，而是靠彼此是否玩得到一起，是否有共同的興趣愛好，這是維持愛情長久的關鍵，但不是激情的關鍵，激情是無法預測的，它來的時候你無法阻擋，它去的時候你也無法留住。
大學時讀過這本書，那時候年輕的我們覺得這樣的愛情太辛苦了。幾個同學討論來討論去決定這種“刻骨銘心”的愛情雖然聽上去動人，但還是不要發生在自己身上好，哈哈，想想那時候的年少輕狂也是很好玩的。
我讀安娜的時候還是在上中學的時候，細節都忘記了，隻記得很同情書中的女子，在當她臥軌自殺的時候。什麽時候再把書找出來看看。
今天隻讀了中文部分，明天再來讀英文。晚安！
寫這篇還真是沒有看別人的評論，會不會有點冒天下之大不韙的味道。但是，這是我個人真實的想法。謝謝土豆的鼓勵和信息。祝周中好！
暖冬文章寫到這裏就可以結束了，為什麽還要告訴大家這是19世紀呢？？掃興！！
（以前國內大多用“虛偽”點評安娜丈夫，現在有很多變化了；同樣，現在對《簡愛》的點評也有很多變化……文章/書籍未變，但評論會隨著時代變化而變化，非常有趣，從中可以窺探出一些時代特征。文學城的博文，往往也是評論更吸引人，但畢竟得感謝博主們的耕耘，:))）