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飄香於油墨中的草莓:都是草莓手帕惹的禍

(2020-09-26 09:20:35) 下一個

七)都是草莓手帕惹的禍

一口氣讀完莎士比亞的《奧賽羅》(Othello),發現可以用“都是草莓手帕惹的禍”這句話來概括這個愛情悲劇。

劇中的男女主人公奧賽羅和苔絲狄蒙娜(Desdemona)是一對奇異的組合。奧賽羅是非洲摩爾部落首領之子,乃威尼斯城邦雇傭的一個將軍,受種族限製,地位卑微。苔絲狄蒙娜是貴族元老院元老的女兒,身份明顯高貴很多。一個是黑人,一個是白人,還是老少戀,看起來極不相配。明知婚事會遭到女方家人的反對,兩人悄悄結了婚。

奧賽羅的手下伊阿古(Iago)屢立戰功,卻不被奧賽羅提拔,奧賽羅提拔了卡西奧(Casio)為副官,這讓伊阿古十分不滿。伊阿古還懷疑自己的妻子艾米利亞(Emilia)與奧賽羅通奸,因而對奧賽羅恨得咬牙切齒。他一麵假裝對奧賽羅十分忠誠,一麵伺機報複。

第三幕第三場,伊阿古的一番讒言引起奧賽羅對妻子和卡西奧奸情的猜忌,作為通奸的重要間接證據的手帕出場了。

現將部分台詞翻譯如下:

奧賽羅:

 這是一個非常誠實的家夥,十分了解各種人情世故。要是我能夠證明她是一隻沒有被馴伏的野鷹,即使我用自己最珍愛的心弦做她的絆繩,我也要吹哨子放她飛走,讓她順風而下追尋自己的運氣。也許因為我是黑人,缺乏那些朝臣們溫柔優雅的談吐,也許因為我已經老了但還不算很老她走了,我被蒙騙了,隻能靠憎惡她來解恨。啊,受詛咒的婚姻,我們說這些美麗精致的人兒是我們的,卻不能支配她們的胃口。我寧願做一隻蛤蟆,呼吸地牢中的濁氣,也不願占據了心愛之物的一角,讓別人享用它。這是英雄們的災難,他們並不比卑賤者享有更多的特權。這是和死亡一樣不可避免的命運,我們一生下來就注定了要被戴綠帽子。瞧,她來了。(苔絲狄蒙娜及愛米利婭上。)如果她是不貞的,那麽上天在開自己的玩笑了。我不會相信的。”

OTHELLO

This fellow’s of exceeding honesty

And knows all quantities, with a learnèd spirit,

Of human dealings. If I do prove her haggard,

Though that her jesses were my dear heartstrings,

I’d whistle her off and let her down the wind

To prey at fortune. Haply, for I am black

And have not those soft parts of conversation

That chamberers have, or for I am declined

Into the vale of years—yet that’s not much—

She’s gone, I am abused, and my relief

Must be to loathe her. Oh, curse of marriage

That we can call these delicate creatures ours

And not their appetites! I had rather be a toad

And live upon the vapor of a dungeon

Than keep a corner in the thing I love

For others' uses. Yet ’tis the plague to great ones,

Prerogatived are they less than the base.

'Tis destiny unshunnable, like death.

Even then this forkèd plague is fated to us

When we do quicken. Look where she comes.

Enter DESDEMONA and EMILIA

If she be false, heaven mocked itself.

I’ll not believe ’t.

苔絲狄蒙娜 :

“你怎麽啦,我親愛的奧賽羅?您邀請共進晚餐的那些島上的貴人們在等您入席呢。”

DESDEMONA

How now, my dear Othello?

Your dinner, and the generous islanders

By you invited, do attend your presence.

奧賽羅:

 我失禮了”。

OTHELLO

I am to blame.

苔絲狄蒙娜 :

“您為什麽說話這麽微弱?您不大舒服嗎?”

DESDEMONA

Why do you speak so faintly?

Are you not well?

奧賽羅:

 我有點兒頭痛,在這兒。”

OTHELLO

I have a pain upon my forehead, here.

苔絲狄蒙娜:

“ 那一定是缺乏睡眠的緣故,它會消失的;讓我替您綁緊了,一小時內就可以痊愈。”(她掏出一條手帕)

DESDEMONA

Why that’s with watching, ’twill away again.

Let me but bind it hard, within this hour

It will be well. (pulls out a handkerchief)

奧賽羅:

“你的手帕太小了,隨它去。(苔絲狄蒙娜手帕墜地)來,我跟你一起進去。”

OTHELLO

Your napkin is too little,

Let it alone.

Her handkerchief drops

Come, I’ll go in with you.

苔絲狄蒙娜:

 您的身子不舒服,我很難過。”(奧瑟羅、苔絲狄蒙娜下。)

DESDEMONA

I am very sorry that you are not well.

Exeunt OTHELLO and DESDEMONA

艾米利亞:

(拾起手帕)

 我很高興我找到了這條手帕,這是她從摩爾人那裏得到的第一份禮物。我那古怪的丈夫一百次請求我去將它偷出來。但是她非常喜歡這個禮物(因為奧賽羅叫她永遠保存好),她總是隨時帶在身邊,對著它親吻,和它說話。我要把那花樣描下來,然後再把它給伊阿古。他要拿去做什麽,天知道,我不知道。我隻想滿足他的異想天開。”

EMILIA

(picks up the handkercheif)

I am glad I have found this napkin,

This was her first remembrance from the Moor.

My wayward husband hath a hundred times

Wooed me to steal it, but she so loves the token

(For he conjured her she should ever keep it)

That she reserves it evermore about her

To kiss and talk to. I’ll have the work ta'en out

And give ’t Iago. What he will do with it

Heaven knows, not I.

I nothing but to please his fantasy.

苔絲狄蒙娜的侍女艾米利亞還沒來得及將手帕上的圖案描下來,她的丈夫伊阿古出現了,從她手裏奪走了手帕。艾米利亞抗議道:“如果沒有重要的用途,還是把它還了我吧。可憐的夫人!她丟了這條手帕,準要發瘋了。” 

EMILIA

If it be not for some purpose of import,

Give ’t me again. Poor lady, she’ll run mad

When she shall lack it.

伊阿古交待她:“別承認你知道這些,我自有用處。去吧,離開我。”

IAGO

Be not acknown on ’t,

I have use for it. Go, leave me.

艾米利亞離開後,伊埃古來了一段獨白:“我會把這張手帕留在卡西奧的屋子裏,讓他找到它。像空氣一樣輕微的小事,對於嫉妒的人來說,也會變成和聖經一樣強有力的確證。也許這就可以引發一場是非。摩爾人已經中了我的毒,內心發生變化了。危險的自負是他們天性裏的一種毒藥,開始的時候幾乎沒有什麽苦澀的味道,可是一旦在血液裏活動起來,就會像硫礦一樣燃燒。”

I will in Cassio’s lodging lose this napkin

And let him find it. Trifles light as air

Are to the jealous confirmations strong

As proofs of holy writ. This may do something.

The Moor already changes with my poison.

Dangerous conceits are in their natures poisons

Which at the first are scarce found to distaste,

But with a little act upon the blood

Burn like the mines of sulfur.

話音剛落,伊阿古看見奧賽羅又返回來找他,不禁得意地自言自語:“我確實說對了。看,他來了。罌粟、曼陀羅或世上一切使人昏迷的草藥汁,都不能帶給你和昨晚一樣寧靜的睡眠。”

I did say so.

Look, where he comes. Not poppy nor mandragora

Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world,

Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep

Which thou owedst yesterday.

奧賽羅見到伊阿古後,要求他拿出苔絲狄蒙娜不貞的證據,伊阿古開始用手帕來大做文章。他們之間的對話如下:

伊阿古:

“我認為讓他們當場出醜很不容易。如果有人真的親眼看到他倆在幹那事,那他們絕對該死。然後怎樣呢?又該如何?我應該說什麽?證據在哪裏?即使他們像山羊一樣風騷,像猴子一樣好色,像驕傲的豺狼一樣淫蕩,像喝醉的白癡一樣愚昧不堪,您也看不到他們這一幕。可是我說,如果有了確切的旁證可以推斷出事實真相,為您解除疑惑,您不難得到的。”

IAGO

It were a tedious difficulty, I think,

To bring them to that prospect. Damn them then,

If ever mortal eyes do see them bolster

410More than their own! What then? How then?

What shall I say? Where’s satisfaction?

It is impossible you should see this,

Were they as prime as goats, as hot as monkeys,

As salt as wolves in pride, and fools as gross

As ignorance made drunk. But yet, I say,

If imputation and strong circumstances

Which lead directly to the door of truth

Will give you satisfaction, you may have ’t.

奧賽羅:

 給我一個好的理由,證明她不貞。”

OTHELLO

Give me a living reason she’s disloyal.

伊阿古:

 我不歡喜這個差使;但是,愚蠢的誠實和忠心已經把我卷進這場糾紛裏了,我就接著說吧。最近我曾和卡西奧同榻過,因為牙痛得厲害,我無法入睡。有一種人的靈魂是不能保守秘密的,在睡夢中會喃喃自語他們的私事,卡西奧就是這一種人。我聽見他在睡夢中說:‘可愛的苔絲狄蒙娜,我們要保持警惕,隱藏我們的愛情。’然後,主帥,他緊緊抓著我的手,喊:‘哦,可愛的人兒!’然後狠狠地吻我,好像那些吻是長在我的嘴唇上,他想把它們連根拔起一樣。然後他把他的小腿擱在我的大腿上,一邊歎氣,一邊親吻,嘴裏喊著‘該死的命運,把你給了那個摩爾人!’”

IAGO

I do not like the office.

But, sith I am entered in this cause so far,

Pricked to ’t by foolish honesty and love,

I will go on. I lay with Cassio lately

And, being troubled with a raging tooth,

I could not sleep. There are a kind of men

So loose of soul that in their sleeps will mutter

Their affairs. One of this kind is Cassio.

In sleep I heard him say “Sweet Desdemona,

Let us be wary, let us hide our loves.”

And then, sir, would he gripe and wring my hand,

Cry “O sweet creature!” and then kiss me hard,

As if he plucked up kisses by the roots

That grew upon my lips, lay his leg

Over my thigh, and sigh, and kiss, and then

Cry “Cursed fate that gave thee to the Moor!”

奧賽羅:

 哦,可惡!可惡!”

OTHELLO

Oh, monstrous! Monstrous!

伊阿古:

 不,這不過是他的夢。”

IAGO

Nay, this was but his dream.

奧賽羅:

 但這說明木已成舟。”

OTHELLO

But this denoted a foregone conclusion.

伊阿古:

“雖然隻是一個夢,卻值得懷疑,也有助於支持其他薄弱的證據。”

IAGO

'Tis a shrewd doubt, though it be but a dream.

And this may help to thicken other proofs

That do demonstrate thinly.

奧賽羅:

 我要把她撕成碎片。”

OTHELLO

I’ll tear her all to pieces!

伊阿古:

 不,理智些,我們還沒有抓到實錘,也許她還是忠誠的。但是告訴我這一點,您見過尊夫人的手裏拿著一條有草莓花樣的手帕嗎?”

IAGO

Nay, yet be wise, yet we see nothing done,

She may be honest yet. Tell me but this,

Have you not sometimes seen a handkerchief

Spotted with strawberries in your wife’s hand?

奧賽羅:

“我給過她這樣一條手帕,那是我送給她的第一份禮物。”

OTHELLO

I gave her such a one, ’twas my first gift.

伊阿古:

 那我不知道。但是我今天看到了這樣的手帕 ,我確定它就是尊夫人的,我看到卡西奧用這條手帕抹他的胡子。”

IAGO

I know not that, but such a handkerchief—

I am sure it was your wife’s—did I today

See Cassio wipe his beard with.

奧賽羅:

 假如就是那一條手帕—”

OTHELLO

If it be that—

伊阿古:

“假如就是那一條手帕,或屬於她的任何一條手帕,再加上別的證據,就是對她不利的了。”

IAGO

If it be that, or any that was hers,

It speaks against her with the other proofs.

奧賽羅: 

“啊,但願那個奴才有四萬條命!殺死他一次不足以發泄我的憤怒。現在我明白這件事是真的了。瞧,伊阿古,我把我的全部癡情都向空中吹散,它隨風而逝了。黑暗的複仇,從你的幽窟之中升起來吧!喔,愛情,把你的王冠和心靈寶座讓給暴虐的仇恨吧!脹起來,我的胸膛,因裏麵裝滿了毒蛇的舌頭。”

OTHELLO

Oh, that the slave had forty thousand lives!

One is too poor, too weak for my revenge.

Now do I see ’tis true. Look here, Iago,

All my fond love thus do I blow to heaven.

'Tis gone.

Arise, black vengeance, from the hollow hell!

Yield up, O love, thy crown and hearted throne

To tyrannous hate! Swell, bosom, with thy fraught,

For ’tis of aspics' tongues!

讀到這裏,許多細心的讀者發現了劇本的第一處“硬傷”。我把情節大致梳理一下:最先是苔絲狄蒙娜拿出手帕,欲給頭疼的奧賽羅紮緊額頭,奧賽羅嫌手帕太小,拒絕了她的好意。這說明他親眼見到了這條手帕。接著,夫妻二人同去陪貴賓吃晚餐,前腳剛走,無意間丟失在地上的手帕就被女仆艾米利亞後腳拾起。她正琢磨著先將手帕上的花樣描下來,還未付諸行動,手帕被丈夫伊阿古奪走。伊阿古得了手帕後自言自語,打算將它丟在卡西奧的房間,話音剛落,疑心重重的奧賽羅就出現在他麵前,要求他提供妻子通奸的證據。伊阿古趁機說,卡西奧今天用同一條手帕抹胡子。這些情節環環相扣一氣嗬成,應該全部發生在一小時之內。奧賽羅是謀略過人殺伐果斷的大將軍,應該很快能夠判斷出伊阿古的證詞裏存在著很大的漏洞自己不到一小時前還和拿著手帕的妻子一起說話,接著兩人共赴晚宴,妻子根本沒有時間與卡西奧私會並親手將手帕送給他。

可是奧賽羅似乎完全不記得自己之前見過繡有草莓圖案的手帕,他的內心充滿了嫉妒和仇恨,胸膛裏“裝滿了毒蛇的舌頭”(aspics' tongues)。蛇在西方的宗教和文化裏有很多負麵含義,《聖經》中的夏娃和亞當就是受了蛇的誘惑偷食禁果,才導致了人類的墮落。奧賽羅希望自己的心裏也裝著毒蛇的舌頭(即毒液),以麻木他的痛苦和憤恨。

莎士比亞是不是犯了戲劇創作的低級錯誤呢?

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