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盛開在油墨香裏的康乃馨:去往天堂的路上鋪滿吉麗花

(2020-06-19 10:58:08) 下一個

五)去往天堂的路上鋪滿吉麗花

蘇格蘭著名曆史小說家及詩人沃爾特.斯各特準男爵(Sir Walter Scott, 1
7711832)於1820發表了《蘇格蘭邊區歌謠集》(Minstrelsy of the 
Scottish Border),書中收集了許多著名的蘇格蘭民謠。此書在英國和
歐洲大陸都具有影響力,為他今後成為詩人和小說家打下了堅實的基
礎。近年來,《蘇格蘭邊區歌謠集》被譽為有史以來最激動人心的民
謠收藏 
其中一首《文員桑德斯》(Clerk Saunders)於上世紀70年代起被諸多
民歌手重新演繹,再度掀起熱潮。現將歌詞翻譯如下:
文員桑德斯和梅瑪格麗特
走過綠色的花園;
落在兩者之間的
是悲傷而沉重的愛。
Clerk Saunders and may Margaret
Walked ower yon garden green;        (注:ower yon =  over that
And sad and heavy was the love
That fell thir twa between.                    (注: thir twa = these two)
 
一張床,一張床,文員桑德斯說,
一張屬於你和我的床!
不要,請不要,梅瑪格麗特說,
直到我們結婚那天。
‘A bed, a bed,’ Clerk Saunders said,
‘A bed for you and me!’
‘Fye na, fye na,’ said may Margaret,
‘Till anes we married be.                           (注:anes = once
 
因為我的七個膽大的兄弟可能進來,
拿著燃燒的火把;
他們會說:我們隻有一個姊妹,
瞧她和一個騎士在一起!
‘For in may come my seven bauld brothers,       (注:bauld = bold
Wi’ torches burning bright;
They’ll say,—'We hae but ae sister,            
And behold she’s wi a knight!’
 
然後從我的劍鞘抽出劍,
慢慢抬起銷釘;
你必須發誓,信守誓言。
永遠不讓文員桑德斯進來。
‘Then take the sword frae my scabbard,          (注:frae = from
And slowly lift the pin;
And you may swear, and save your aith.          (注:aith = oath
Ye never let Clerk Saunders in.
 
請在手裏握著一塊方巾,
兩個美好的夜晚不要閑下來,
你必須發誓,信守誓言,
自昨晚起你就沒見過我。
’And take a napkin in your hand,
And tie up baith your bonny e’en,             (注: baith = both, e’en  = evening)
And you may swear, and save your aith,
Ye saw me na since late yestreen.’            (注: na = not  yestreen = last evening
 
 大約午夜時分,
當他們睡著了
她的七個兄弟走進來,
拿著燒得通紅的火把。
It was about the midnight hour,
When they asleep were laid,
When in and came her seven brothers,
Wi’ torches burning red.
 
她的七個兄弟走進來,
拿著燒得通紅的火把;
他們說,我們隻有一個姊妹,
瞧,她和一個騎士躺在一起!
When in and came her seven brothers,
Wi’ torches burning bright:
They said, ‘We hae but ae sister,
And behold her lying with a knight!’
 
他們中的第一個出去了,說,
我持劍必使他死!
他們中的第二個出去了,說,
他的父親不比他強!
Then out and spake the first o’ them,               (注:spake = spoke  
‘I bear the sword shall gar him die!’                (注: gar =  make
And out and spake the second o’ them,
‘His father has nae mair than he!’                      (注:mair =  no more 
 
他們中的第三個出去了,說,
我認為他倆是親密的戀人!
他們中的第四個出去了,說,
他們這樣相愛好多次了!
And out and spake the third o’ them,
‘I wot that they are lovers dear!’                      (注:wot = what
And out and spake the fourth o’ them,
‘They hae been in love this mony a year!’          (注: mony =  many
 
他們中的第五個出去了,說,
拆散真愛是大罪過!
他們中的第六個出去了,說,
殺死一個熟睡的男人真可恥!
Then out and spake the fifth o’ them,
‘It were great sin true love to twain!
And out and spake the sixth o’ them,
‘It were shame to slay a sleeping man!’
 
 
他們中的第七個拿著手槍上前,
一言不發。
但是在文員桑德斯俊美的身體上
留下了一個亮棕色的條紋。
Then up and gat the seventh o’ them,              ( 注:gat = a pistol)
And never a word spake he;
But he has striped his bright brown brand
Out through Clerk Saunders’ fair bodye.   (注:bodye = body)
 
文員桑德斯動了一下,瑪格麗特翻身
躺在他懷裏,仍在酣睡;
在他們之間
那晚是悲傷而寂靜的。
(Clerk Saunders he started, and Margaret she turned
Into his arms as asleep she lay;
And sad and silent was the night
That was atween thir twae.             (注:atween thir twae  = between these two
 
他們靜靜躺著睡得很香
直到天現曙光;
她溫柔地對他說,
是時候了,親愛的,你該離開了。
And they lay still and sleeped sound
Until the day began to daw;
And kindly to him she did say,
‘It is time, true love, you were awa’.’    (注:awa = away
 
但是他仍靜靜躺著,睡得很香,
盡管太陽開始光芒四射。
她看著自己和牆壁之間,
隔著的是他的麻木沉睡的夜晚。
But he lay still, and sleeped sound,
Albeit the sun began to sheen;
She looked atween her and the wa’,         (注:wa’ = wall
And dull and drowsie were his e’en.
 
 
她親愛的父親進來了,
說,讓你的悲傷過去吧:
我要把屍體運去土葬,
我會回來安慰你的。
 Then in and came her father dear;
Said,—'Let a’ your mourning be:
I’ll carry the dead corpse to the clay,
And I’ll come back and comfort thee.’
 
好好安慰你的七個兒子吧;
我永遠不需要慰藉:
我不傻也沒有任何一丁點的不誠實
他昨晚在閨房裏陪著我。
‘Comfort weel your seven sons;         (注: weel = well
For comforted will I never be:
I ween ’twas neither knave nor loon      (注: I little it was dishonest nor foolish)
Was in the bower last night wi’ me.’
 
 
叮叮當當的鍾聲穿過小鎮,
把死者的屍體運到土裏埋葬
文員桑德斯站在梅瑪格麗特的窗戶旁,
聽我說,那是在天亮前一小時。
The clinking bell gaed through the town,     (注:  gaed =  to go 
To carry the dead corse to the clay;     (注: corse = corpse
And Clerk Saunders stood at may Margaret’s window,
I wot, an hour before the day.                           
 
瑪格麗特,你正在睡嗎?他說,
還是你現在已經醒了?
把我的信念和真相再次給我吧,
聽我說,真愛,我來了。
‘Are ye sleeping, Margaret?’ he says,
‘Or are ye waking presentlie?             (注:presentlie = at the present time
Give me my faith and troth again,
I wot, true love, I gied to thee.’
 
你永遠得不到信念和真相,
我倆的真情也無法成雙成對,
除非你來到我的閨房
親吻我的臉頰和下巴。
‘Your faith and troth ye sall never get,
Nor our true love sall never twin,
Until ye come within my bower,
And kiss me cheik and chin.’
 
瑪格麗特,我的嘴好冷。
現在,帶著泥土的氣味。
如果我親吻你那可愛的嘴,
你的壽命不會久長。
‘My mouth it is full cold, Margaret,
It has the smell, now, of the ground;
And if I kiss thy comely mouth,
Thy days of life will not be lang.          注: lang = long
 
 
哦,公雞在夜半快樂地啼叫,
聽我說,鳴禽們在告知白天的到來。
把我的信念和真相再次給我吧,
讓我順路帶走。
’O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,
I wot the wild fowls are boding day;
Give me my faith and troth again,
And let me fare me on my way.’
 
‘你永遠得不到信念和真相,
我倆的真情也無法成雙成對,
除非你告訴我,那些死在旅途中的女人
我想知道,她們都變成了什麽樣?
‘Thy faith and troth thou sall na get,
And our true love sall never twin,
Until ye tell what comes of women,
I wot, who die in strong traivelling?
 
她們的床鋪在高高的天上,
擺在上帝的腳邊,
四周布滿了吉麗花(注:康乃馨);
聽我說,多麽美好的陪伴。
’Their beds are made in the heavens high,
Down at the foot of our good lord’s knee,
Weel set about wi’ gillyflowers;
I wot, sweet company for to see.

(康乃馨)

 
哦,公雞在夜半快樂地啼叫,
聽我說,鳴禽們在告知白天的到來。
天堂的詩篇將很快被唱響,
我,在這之前,會消失。
‘O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,
I wot the wild fowl are boding day;
The psalms of heaven will soon be sung,
And I, ere now, will be missed away.’   (注:ere = before      
 
然後她拿了一根水晶棒,
在上麵附上真相。
從窗邊遞出去給他,
伴隨著無數次悲歎和呻吟。
Then she has ta’en a crystal wand,                 (注:   ta’en  = taken)
And she has stroken her troth thereon;
She has given it him out at the shot-window,
Wi’ mony a sad sigh, and heavy groan.
 
謝謝你,瑪格麗特,謝謝你,瑪格麗特;
是的,我衷心感謝你。
死人總會來找活著的人的,
放心吧,瑪格麗特,我會來找你的。
‘I thank ye, Marg’ret, I thank ye, Marg’ret;
And aye I thank ye heartilie;
Gin ever the dead come for the quick,           (注: Gin ever  =  by ever
Be sure, Mag’ret, I’ll come for thee.’
 
僅穿著緊身褲、鞋子和長袍,
她翻過牆,跟著他,
來到了綠色森林裏,
卻再也找不見他。
It’s hosen and shoon, and gown alone,       (注:shoon = shoe
She climb’d the wall, and followed him,
Until she came to the green forest,
And there she lost the sight o’ him.
 
桑德斯 , 你的頭旁邊有空位嗎?
腳邊有沒有多餘的地方?
桑德斯,你的身邊有沒有多餘的空間,
一個容我安然入眠的地方?
‘Is there ony room at your head, Saunders?    (注: ony  =  One 
Is there ony room at your feet?
Is there ony room at your side, Saunders,
Where fain, fain I wad sleep?’                        (注:fain  =  with pleasure
 
瑪格麗特,我的頭旁邊沒有空位,
腳邊沒有多餘的地方;
我的床很低很低,
我睡在一群饑餓的蠕蟲之間。
‘There’s nae room at my head, Marg’ret,
There’s nae room at my feet;
My bed it is full lowly now,
Amang the hungry worms I sleep.
 
我躺在冰冷的盒子裏,
蓋著裹屍布;
露珠很快落下來
比我的安息之地還濕。
‘Cauld mould is my covering now,       (注:Cauld =  cold 
But and my winding-sheet;
The dew it falls nae sooner down           
Than my resting-place is weet.            (注:   weet  = wet
 
但是用美麗的樺樹編一個魔棒,
放在我的胸前
在我的墳頭流下眼淚,
讓我的靈魂得到安息。
’But plait a wand o’ bonnie birk,
And lay it on my breast;
And shed a tear upon my grave,
And wish my saul gude rest.
 
美麗的瑪格麗特,世間罕有的瑪格麗特,
瑪格麗特,親愛的,
你會愛上另一個男人,
千萬不要像愛我那樣愛他。
‘And fair Marg’ret, and rare Marg’ret,
And Marg’ret, o’ veritie,                (注: o’ veritie = truly
Gin ere ye love another man,
Ne’er love him as ye did me.’
 
然後他飄起來,與奶白色的公雞一起,
飄起來,與灰發人一起;
她的愛人消失在空氣中,
她哭了起來。
Then up and crew the milk-white cock,
And up and crew the gray;
Her lover vanish’d in the air,
And she gaed weeping away.
 
這是一個關於“野性和美麗”的愛情故事,語言清新流暢,散發著平民化
的氣息。文員桑德斯成為兄弟嫉妒的受害者,男女主人公的身份和地位
的懸殊是殘酷暴力的借口 - 這是一種常見的民謠主題。具有諷刺意味的
是,在某些版本的《文員桑德斯》中,瑪格麗特在詛咒她的兄弟時說,
被他殺死的桑德斯實際上是伯爵的繼承人。與大多數悲劇情歌不同的是,
女主人公瑪格麗特沒有選擇自殺,而是苟活下去並肝腸寸斷地哀悼自
己的愛人。
蘇格蘭民謠富含超自然元素,以《文員桑德斯》為例,男主人公遇害後,
他的鬼魂來探望瑪格麗特,想要探知非正常死亡的真相。他明知死人是埋
在冰冷的棺材裏的,身上一條裹屍布,與一群饑餓的蠕蟲睡在一起,卻
安慰愛人:女人死後,她們的床鋪在高高的天上,擺在上帝的腳邊,四
周布滿了吉麗花,一副溫馨的場麵。他希望瑪格麗特不要長久地沉浸於
悲哀之中,將來會愛上別的男人,同時又自私地乞求瑪格麗特不要像愛
我那樣愛他。短短幾句真情告白,已讓讀者淚濕春衫。也許在文學
創作中,痛苦是最偉大美麗的,愛情悲劇似乎總比喜劇更震撼人心。
許多膾炙人口的民謠後來被早期的歐洲移民傳唱到了北美新大陸,在新的
土壤裏發生演變。當代音樂家們在收集整理這些嫁接於北美的民謠時發
現了一個現象:蘇格蘭民謠中的超自然元素在向美國的傳播中被省略或
合理化了,原因在於美國本土沒有暴力、溫柔和死後複活的傳說。

 

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