Readingthis statement “影響因子是1999 年那個時候開始玩的.1995 年科研人員還不知道影響因子” reminded me ofthe time I heard his talks about how Eugene Garfield invented SCI or impactfactor – a simple math calculation, in New York City, Cambridge, and Oxford.The last time, he said he regretted inventing SCI, IF as it got out of hand,negatively impacting science advancement – When RandySchekman awarded 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and took efforts toderail Nature with his own “eLife”, a journal that advocates for freedistribution, with his mission to boycott Cell, Nature,Science:!
Ironically, his Nobellaureate was crown by citing his Nature paper. I met Randy Schekman (I wrote itbefore), decent scientist – I didn’t know he’s editor-in-chief of PNAS then. Toomuch being said about IF, SCI, I’d like to say that, like everything else,there is bad, ugly, or good.
SCI 影響因子何時始? 何時休？功過？你我他她評說
Good?
As EugeneGarfield said, he got the idea of IF, SCI in 1952, the era that all ofscientists used Index cards. In 1975, he invented the simple mathematicalformula of IF, SCI; late 1990s , it like wild fire firing up all over theworld, in particular in China.
Impactfactor started in 1975, but not popular until 1990s. Froms Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search This article is about a measure of journal influence. For other similarmetrics, see Citation impact. The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting theyearly average number of citations to recent articles published in thatjournal. It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of ajournal within its field; journals with higher impact factors are often deemedto be more important than those with lower ones. The impact factor was devisedby Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Information.Impact factors are calculated yearly starting from 1975 for those journals thatare listed in the Journal Citation Reports.Xl Not as "[18]王毅翔 2016-10-317:40
Garfield was born in 1925 in New York City, and was raised in a Lithuanian[2]-Italian Jewishfamily.[3] He received a PhD in StructuralLinguistics from the University of Pennsylvania in1961. Dr. Garfield was the founder of the Institute forScientific Information (ISI), which was located in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.[4] ISI now forms a major part of thescience division of Thomson Reuters company. Garfield is responsible for manyinnovative bibliographic products, including CurrentContents, the Science Citation Index(SCI), and other citation databases, the Journal Citation Reports,and Index Chemicus. He is the founding editor and publisher of The Scientist, a newsmagazine for life scientists. In 2003, the University of South FloridaSchool of Information was honored to have him as lecturer for the Alice G. Smith Lecture. In2007, he launched HistCite, a bibliometricanalysis and visualization software package.
Following ideas inspired by VannevarBush's famous 1945 article "AsWe May Think", Garfield undertook the development of acomprehensive citation index showing thepropagation of scientific thinking; he started the Institute forScientific Information in 1955 (it was sold to Thomson Corporationin 1992[5]). According to Garfield, ″the citationindex...may help a historian to measure the influence of an article—that is,its ′impact factor′.″[6] The creation of the Science CitationIndex made it possible to calculate impactfactor,[7] which supposedly measures theimportance of scientific journals. It led to the unexpected discovery that afew journals like Nature and Sciencewere core for all of hard science. The same patterndoes not happen with the humanities or the social sciences.[citationneeded]
His entrepreneurial flair in having turned what was, at least at the time,an obscure and specialist metric into a highly profitable business has beennoted.[8]
Nov 19, 2015 - Starting with a printing press in an oldchicken coop, Eugene Garfield built his passion for data indexing intowhat is now the global digital ...
Eugene Garfield
Publisher / Scientist
Born:16September 1925
Birthplace: NewYork City, New York
Best known as: Founderof the Institute for Scientific Information
Dr. Eugene Garfield is the founder of the Institutefor Scientific Information (ISI) and a pioneer in the field of citationanalysis. Garfield studied at the University of Colorado and Berkeley beforegetting a degree in chemistry from Columbia University in 1948. During theearly 1950s he worked on the Welch Library indexing project at the John HopkinsUniversity School of Medicine, sorting and indexing documents from medicalpapers and journals. With a graduate degree in library sciences from ColumbiaUniversity, Garfield went into business as a "documentationconsultant" while working on his doctorate in structural linguistics. Hefounded the ISI in 1960 and developed an indexing system for scienceliterature, based on the analysis of citations used within a given work. Worksearn an "impact factor," a measure of citations to other sciencejournals that serves as an indicator of their importance in the field. The morecitations in reputable journals, the higher the impact factor. The ISI soldsubscriptions to their publication the Science Citation Index,and over time grew to include the Social Sciences Citation Index(SSCI) and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI).These databases now form the foundation of the online research tool called the Web of Knowledge.Garfield also served as an adjunct professor of computer and informationscience at University of Pennsylvania during his career, and in 1986 launched The Scientist, a magazine for science researchers. His Essaysof an Information Scientist (1977) collects columns published as CurrentComments between 1962 and 1976, and is considered a classic in the field ofinformation science. The ISI was acquired by Thomson Scientific in 1992.
Watch Dr. Eugene Garfield, founder of theScience Citation Index (SCI) and the Institute for Scientific Information(ISI), now Thomson Reuters, discuss the origins and evolution of SCI andcitation indexing over the last 50 years. See more here: http://wokinfo.com/sci-anniversary.html
剛剛過去的7月份，傳出消息說湯森路透將以35.5億美金的價格出售SCI及相關產品，這其實是它第三次被轉賣了。加菲爾德1960年將它的公司正式定名“科學情報研究所（Institute for Scientific Information，習慣簡稱ISI）”。1988年，加菲爾德將公司超過50%的股權賣給JPT出版公司，1992年又被湯森路透以2.1億美金收購。
穆蘊秋：我們可以先來看一個實例，Nature雜誌2005年做過的一項統計表明：2004年Nature雜誌89%的引用數是由25%的文章貢獻而得。熱門領域如免疫學、癌症學、分子生物學、細胞生物學方向的論文，引用在50~200次之間，而冷門專業如物理學、古生物學和氣候學，論文引用通常少於50次。這個例子可從兩方麵解讀：首先，即便像Nature這樣影響因子很高的綜合期刊，也隻有少數文章能獲得高引，大部分文章獲得的引用其實很少或沒有；其次，論文引用還和學科類別直接相關，典型的如數學，數學家寫論文一般不太需要引用別人的成果，所以公認最牛的《數學年刊》（Annals of Mathematics）多年來影響因子也才維持在3.0左右。
