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android 數據庫sqllite示例

(2014-08-13 16:52:09) 下一個

這篇文章寫得好, 行文簡潔, 清晰, 內容詳盡. 一個例子可將你一腳踢進android數據庫大門. 剩下的就是搭積木了.

android-sqlite

Objectives:

  • How to start using SQLite API?
  • How to create new database & database tables?
  • How to perform CRUD “Create, Read, Update and Delete” operations?

Environment & Tools:

  • Android Developer Tools (ADT) (or Eclipse + ADT plugin)
  • AVD Nexus S Android 4.3 “emulator”
  • Min SDK 8

What we are building here?

We will build an App that can store & retrieve books title and author name.

( 1 ) Create Android Application

  • File >> New >> Android Application
  • Enter App name: SQLite App
  • Enter Project name: android-sqlite
  • Pakcage: com.hmkcode.android
  • Keep other defualt selections, click Next until you reach Finish

( 2 ) Data Model Design “Table Structure”

We want to create the following:

  • One Database instance:BookDB“.
  • One Table: “books” with three columns id, title & author
  • android-sqlite-table-books

 

( 3 ) Object Model “Book.java”

  • Create one Java bean class: Book.java
  • /src/com/hmkcode/android/model/Book.java
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package com.hmkcode.android.model;
public class Book {
    private int id;
    private String title;
    private String author;
    public Book(){}
    public Book(String title, String author) {
        super();
        this.title = title;
        this.author = author;
    }
    //getters & setters
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book [id=" + id + ", title=" + title + ", author=" + author
                + "]";
    }
}

( 4 ) extends SQLiteOpenHelper

The recommended method to create a new SQLite database is to create a subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper and override the onCreate() method, in which you can execute a SQLite command to create tables in the database.

This is the main step.

  • Create a new class MySQLiteHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper.
  • MySQLiteHelper constructor must call the super class constructor.
  • Override onCreate() method to create the table(s)
  • Override onUpgrade() to drop old tables and create new ones.
  • /src/com/hmkcode/android/sqlite/MySQLiteHelper.java
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package com.hmkcode.android.sqlite;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
public class MySQLiteHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    // Database Version
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
    // Database Name
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "BookDB";
    public MySQLiteHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); 
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        // SQL statement to create book table
        String CREATE_BOOK_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE books ( " +
                "id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +
                "title TEXT, "+
                "author TEXT )";
        // create books table
        db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK_TABLE);
    }
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        // Drop older books table if existed
        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS books");
        // create fresh books table
        this.onCreate(db);
    }
}
  • This class MySQLiteHelper will just create for us Database “BookDB” with one empty table “books“.
  • Next, we will create methods to help us populate “insert”, read “select”, update and delete book(s) from this table.

( 5 ) Add, Get, Update & Delete a Book

  • In the same file “MySQLiteHelper.java” we will add 5 methods
  1. addBook(Book book)
  2. getBook(int id)
  3. getAllBooks()
  4. update(Book book)
  5. delete(Book book)
  • Some static constants 

Define static constants for table & columns names;

    // Books table name    private static final String TABLE_BOOKS = "books";    // Books Table Columns names    private static final String KEY_ID = "id";    private static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";    private static final String KEY_AUTHOR = "author";    private static final String[] COLUMNS = {KEY_ID,KEY_TITLE,KEY_AUTHOR};

1. addBook(Book book)

Notice:

  • ConentValues this class is used to store a set of values.
  • Log.d() just for logging, so we can see the result later on LogCat when we run the App.
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public void addBook(Book book){
                //for logging
        Log.d("addBook", book.toString());
        // 1. get reference to writable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        // 2. create ContentValues to add key "column"/value
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(KEY_TITLE, book.getTitle()); // get title
        values.put(KEY_AUTHOR, book.getAuthor()); // get author
        // 3. insert
        db.insert(TABLE_BOOKS, // table
                null, //nullColumnHack
                values); // key/value -> keys = column names/ values = column values
        // 4. close
        db.close();
    }

2. getBook(int id)

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public Book getBook(int id){
    // 1. get reference to readable DB
    SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
    // 2. build query
    Cursor cursor =
            db.query(TABLE_BOOKS, // a. table
            COLUMNS, // b. column names
            " id = ?", // c. selections
            new String[] { String.valueOf(id) }, // d. selections args
            null, // e. group by
            null, // f. having
            null, // g. order by
            null); // h. limit
    // 3. if we got results get the first one
    if (cursor != null)
        cursor.moveToFirst();
    // 4. build book object
    Book book = new Book();
    book.setId(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
    book.setTitle(cursor.getString(1));
    book.setAuthor(cursor.getString(2));
    //log
Log.d("getBook("+id+")", book.toString());
    // 5. return book
    return book;
}

3. getAllBooks()

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public List<Book> getAllBooks() {
       List<Book> books = new LinkedList<Book>();
       // 1. build the query
       String query = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_BOOKS;
       // 2. get reference to writable DB
       SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
       Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query, null);
       // 3. go over each row, build book and add it to list
       Book book = null;
       if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
           do {
               book = new Book();
               book.setId(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
               book.setTitle(cursor.getString(1));
               book.setAuthor(cursor.getString(2));
               // Add book to books
               books.add(book);
           } while (cursor.moveToNext());
       }
       Log.d("getAllBooks()", books.toString());
       // return books
       return books;
   }

4. update(Book book)

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public int updateBook(Book book) {
    // 1. get reference to writable DB
    SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
    // 2. create ContentValues to add key "column"/value
    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
    values.put("title", book.getTitle()); // get title
    values.put("author", book.getAuthor()); // get author
    // 3. updating row
    int i = db.update(TABLE_BOOKS, //table
            values, // column/value
            KEY_ID+" = ?", // selections
            new String[] { String.valueOf(book.getId()) }); //selection args
    // 4. close
    db.close();
    return i;
}

5. delete(Book book)

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public void deleteBook(Book book) {
        // 1. get reference to writable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        // 2. delete
        db.delete(TABLE_BOOKS, //table name
                KEY_ID+" = ?"// selections
                new String[] { String.valueOf(book.getId()) }); //selections args
        // 3. close
        db.close();
        //log
    Log.d("deleteBook", book.toString());
    }

Complete MySQLiteHelper.java Code:

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package com.hmkcode.android.sqlite;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import com.hmkcode.android.model.Book;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
public class MySQLiteHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    // Database Version
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
    // Database Name
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "BookDB";
    public MySQLiteHelper(Context context) {
        super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); 
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        // SQL statement to create book table
        String CREATE_BOOK_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE books ( " +
                "id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, " +
                "title TEXT, "+
                "author TEXT )";
        // create books table
        db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK_TABLE);
    }
    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        // Drop older books table if existed
        db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS books");
        // create fresh books table
        this.onCreate(db);
    }
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * CRUD operations (create "add", read "get", update, delete) book + get all books + delete all books
     */
    // Books table name
    private static final String TABLE_BOOKS = "books";
    // Books Table Columns names
    private static final String KEY_ID = "id";
    private static final String KEY_TITLE = "title";
    private static final String KEY_AUTHOR = "author";
    private static final String[] COLUMNS = {KEY_ID,KEY_TITLE,KEY_AUTHOR};
    public void addBook(Book book){
        Log.d("addBook", book.toString());
        // 1. get reference to writable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        // 2. create ContentValues to add key "column"/value
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(KEY_TITLE, book.getTitle()); // get title
        values.put(KEY_AUTHOR, book.getAuthor()); // get author
        // 3. insert
        db.insert(TABLE_BOOKS, // table
                null, //nullColumnHack
                values); // key/value -> keys = column names/ values = column values
        // 4. close
        db.close();
    }
    public Book getBook(int id){
        // 1. get reference to readable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getReadableDatabase();
        // 2. build query
        Cursor cursor =
                db.query(TABLE_BOOKS, // a. table
                COLUMNS, // b. column names
                " id = ?", // c. selections
                new String[] { String.valueOf(id) }, // d. selections args
                null, // e. group by
                null, // f. having
                null, // g. order by
                null); // h. limit
        // 3. if we got results get the first one
        if (cursor != null)
            cursor.moveToFirst();
        // 4. build book object
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setId(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
        book.setTitle(cursor.getString(1));
        book.setAuthor(cursor.getString(2));
        Log.d("getBook("+id+")", book.toString());
        // 5. return book
        return book;
    }
    // Get All Books
    public List<Book> getAllBooks() {
        List<Book> books = new LinkedList<Book>();
        // 1. build the query
        String query = "SELECT  * FROM " + TABLE_BOOKS;
        // 2. get reference to writable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query, null);
        // 3. go over each row, build book and add it to list
        Book book = null;
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                book = new Book();
                book.setId(Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(0)));
                book.setTitle(cursor.getString(1));
                book.setAuthor(cursor.getString(2));
                // Add book to books
                books.add(book);
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }
        Log.d("getAllBooks()", books.toString());
        // return books
        return books;
    }
     // Updating single book
    public int updateBook(Book book) {
        // 1. get reference to writable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        // 2. create ContentValues to add key "column"/value
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("title", book.getTitle()); // get title
        values.put("author", book.getAuthor()); // get author
        // 3. updating row
        int i = db.update(TABLE_BOOKS, //table
                values, // column/value
                KEY_ID+" = ?", // selections
                new String[] { String.valueOf(book.getId()) }); //selection args
        // 4. close
        db.close();
        return i;
    }
    // Deleting single book
    public void deleteBook(Book book) {
        // 1. get reference to writable DB
        SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
        // 2. delete
        db.delete(TABLE_BOOKS,
                KEY_ID+" = ?",
                new String[] { String.valueOf(book.getId()) });
        // 3. close
        db.close();
        Log.d("deleteBook", book.toString());
    }
}

( 6 ) Using MySQLiteHelper in Activity

  • /src/com/hmkcode/android/MainActivity.java
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package com.hmkcode.android;
import java.util.List;
import com.hmkcode.android.model.Book;
import com.hmkcode.android.sqlite.MySQLiteHelper;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        MySQLiteHelper db = new MySQLiteHelper(this);
        /**
         * CRUD Operations
         * */
        // add Books
        db.addBook(new Book("Android Application Development Cookbook", "Wei Meng Lee"));  
        db.addBook(new Book("Android Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide", "Bill Phillips and Brian Hardy"));      
        db.addBook(new Book("Learn Android App Development", "Wallace Jackson"));
        // get all books
        List<Book> list = db.getAllBooks();
        // delete one book
        db.deleteBook(list.get(0));
        // get all books
        db.getAllBooks();
    }
}
  • Deploy the App on the emulator and run it.
  • Look for the results in LogCat!

( 7 ) Where to See the Results? LogCat!

  • Log function Log.d() used within the addBook(), getBook()…etc. will log database operations on LogCat Eclipse (ADT) window.
  • If you don’t see LogCat window, you need to add it.
  • go to Window >> Show View >> Others… (on Show View window) Android >> LogCat

android-logcat

 

LogCat view

index

 

轉自http://hmkcode.com/android-simple-sqlite-database-tutorial/

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