【New words and expressions】（7）
welcome n. 歡迎；v. 歡迎
crowd n. 人群
gather v. 聚集
hand n. （表或機器的）指針
shout v. 喊叫
refuse v. 拒絕
laugh v. 笑
★welcome n. 歡迎；v. 歡迎
① n. 歡迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
② v. 歡迎
welcome to+地點
welcome to China；welcome to my home；welcome home；welcome back
③ adj. 受歡迎的
You are welcome.
You are welcome to+地點
★crowd n. 人群
① n. 人群
in the crowd 在人群中
I spotted him in the crowd. 我在人群中一眼就認出了他
a crowd of people 一群人，沒有次序的人群, 擁擠的人群
a group of people 一群人，有次序的人群
② v.擁擠, 擠滿
a large crowd of people 一大群人
crowds of people 許多人, 人山人海
★gather v. 聚集
① vt. 使集攏，集合，召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him.
② vt 收集，采集，收（莊稼等）
The children are out in the field gathering flowers. 孩子們在外麵地裏采花。
It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books.
收集所有這些書花了我一輩子的時間。
③ vi. 集攏，聚集，集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock.
people gathered 人們聚集在一起, 尤指自發性的聚集
★hand n. (表或機器的)指針；手
minute hand；second hand；hour hand
second hand 二手的，舊的，秒針
wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.) （secs.是seconds的縮寫）
★refuse v. 拒絕
① vt. 拒絕（接受、服從等）
She refused the gift.
② vt. 拒不，不肯，不願
John refused to change his mind. 約翰拒不改變主意。
③ vi. 拒絕，不接受
I offered to pay him for his help, but he refused.
對於他的幫助我提出給他報酬，但他拒絕了。
★shout v. 喊叫
call out 大聲喊叫
cry out 大聲哭喊
scream 尖叫
【Text】
On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
參考譯文
星期三的晚上, 我們去了市政廳. 那是一年的最後一天, 一大群人聚集在市政廳的大鍾下麵. 再過20分鍾, 大鍾將敲響12下. 15分鍾過去了, 而就在11點55分時, 大鍾停了. 那根巨大的分針不動了. 我們等啊等啊, 可情況沒有變化. 突然有人喊道 : “已經12點零2分了!那鍾已經停了!” 我看了一下我的手表, 果真如此. 那座大鍾不願意迎接新年. 此時, 大家已經笑了起來, 同時唱起了歌.
【課文講解】
1、A cold welcome 冷遇
cold adj. 冷的, 寒冷的, 冷淡的
cold fish 冷漠的人
My brother is a cold fish.
lucky dog 幸運的人
What does "a cold welcome" refer to ? （refer to 指……）
2、On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall.
morning，afternoon，evening前如果加修飾詞則用介詞on，否則用in
Town Hall 市政廳
3、It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.
the last day of the year 一年中的最後一天
a large crowd of the people 一大群人
4、It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.
★strike v. 打，擊；敲，彈（鍾，樂器等）
① v. 打，擊
She struck the man in the face.
② v. 敲，彈（鍾，樂器等）
strike the clock （人）敲鍾
clock strike 鍾自己響
Listen, the clock is striking.
strike twelve 數字表示敲擊的次數
minutes'名詞所有格，用來表達時間
名詞所有格表示時間或距離
It will leave in five minutes'time.
in twenty(minutes'time)名詞所有格可省略
an hour's time
How far is the school from here?
3 minutes' walk. 三分鍾路程。
5、Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.
… minutes pass … 幾點過幾分（前半小時，pass過了）
25 minutes passed eight
… minutes to … 幾點過幾分（後半小時，to還沒到）
a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine
時刻指點時間, 時間指段時間。時刻前的介詞用at
…(some time) passed and then, sth. happened ……時間過去了，……
An hour passed and then, he arrived. 一個小時過去了，他終於來了。
…minutes later幾分鍾以後
6、We waited and waited, but nothing happened.
waited and waited 等啊等啊, 強調動作的重複（walked and walked；run and run）
happen vi.事情做主語, 事情發生
What happened?
Nothing happened.
7、It was true.
It was true that+從句 ……是一個事實
8、The big clock refused to welcome the New Year.
refuse to do sth. 拒絕去做某事
I refuse to leave. 我拒絕離開
I refuse to move. 我拒絕移動
9、At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.
at that moment = just then 就在那時
at the moment = now 現在, 此刻, 在此時
【Key structures】
引導時間狀語的介詞in/on/at/during/till與until
1、用in的時間短語有：
① 表示一天中的某段時間：in the morning；in the afternoon；in the evening
② 表示周、月份、年份：in a week；in January；in Feb；in 1992
③ 表示季節：in summer；in spring；in autumn；in winter
in+表示時間長度的短語可以表示“在某段時間之內”，這時可以與現在時、過去時或將來時連用，一般與完成某動作有關；還可譯為“……時間之後”，一般與將來時連用。根據時態判別in 表示的含義
in twenty minutes' time 20分鍾之後
We will finish class in half an hour.
2、用on的時間短語有：
① 表示星期：on Monday；on Friday
② 表示日期：on June 1st；on 23rd March（在書寫日期時沒有冠詞，但在口語中則分別讀為：on June the first；on the 23rd of March）
③ 表示星期+日期：on Monday, June 1st
④ 表示具體時間：on Wednesday evening；on fine afternoon；on that day
3、用at的時間短語有：
① 表示確切的時間：at five to twelve；at ten o'clock
② 表示用餐時間：at lunch/dinner time；at teatime
③ 表示其他時刻：at night；at noon；at midnight；at that time
4、during在……期間，後必須跟一個名詞，可以指整個一段時間，有時可以用in替代
He has phoned four times during the last half hour.
I met him sometime during the week.（不能用in代替） 我是在這一周的某天遇到他的。
during the holiday 強調假期的從頭到尾
He enjoyed himself during his holiday.
in the holiday 強調這段時間其中某一點時間, 並不表示自始至終
I was caught in an accident in the holiday.
5、from…till… 指一段明確的時間：
The tourist season runs from June till October.
6、until prep.&coin. 直到……時候，直到什麽時候為止, 直到什麽時候才
until主句和從句兩個都用一般過去時對(最習慣的一種用法), 主句和從句任何一個用過去完成是也對
I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow.
I had not understood the problem until he explained it.
We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work.
We didn't disturb him until he finished work.(更習慣於這種用法)
7、from…to…
Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30
關於時間表示方法 : What’s the time?/What time is it?
A整點 : A o’clock
A點B分（B<30）: A B / B past A
A點15分 : A fifteen / fifteen past A / a quarter past A
A點30分 : A thirty / half past A
A點B分(B>30) : A B / (60-B) to (A+1)
A點45分 : A forty-five / a quarter to (A+1) / fifteen to (A+1)
【Special Difficulties】
Any，Not...Any and No
any 用於否定句和疑問句中, some用於肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑問句)
Do you have any friends?
I don't have any friends.
not 用在非實義動詞後麵, 實義動詞前麵.
not any=no
I have no friends.
no可構成複合詞nobody，none，nothing，nowhere；any可構成複合詞anybody，anything和anywhere。
在一個句子中通常隻能有一個否定詞（包括never，hardly等詞）
【Multiple choice questions】
4 The people ___a___ under the Town Hall clock.
a. were b.was c. is d. be
people:人們, 做主語一定是複數
police，cattle是集合名詞，用複數
8 How many times did the clock ___d___ ?
a. hit b. beat c. knock d. strike
敲門用knock；敲鍾用strike
hit（輕）和strike（重hit hard)在一定的時候可以互換, 一般表示打一下
beat v. 連續不斷的打
beat drums 敲鼓
12 It refused to welcome the New Year. It ___c___ .
a. denied it b. wanted to c. didn't want to d. wished to
deny v. 否認, 拒絕去承認, 後麵一般加名詞
deny the fact
I denied that I had stolen the bicycle.
refuse v. 拒絕
refuse to do sth.
I refused to steal the bicycle.
