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德彪西 - 《大海》

(2009-04-12 11:18:57) 下一個



德彪西 - 《大海》

Debussy - La Mer (3), symphonic sketches for orchestra, L. 109



交響音畫《大海》,作於1905年三月,初演於1905年十月。本曲為德彪西最大的一部交響音樂作品,由三個不同內容的樂章組成,但每個樂章之間又有內在的聯係,集中起來構成一部完整的作品。它表現了"大海"的景色及其富有動態的性格,並通過整個樂隊的不同音區,極為強烈地表現出"大海"中各種畫麵的色彩。樂曲在時間和空間上給人以完整的"海"的印象和對海的幻想。新穎的和聲、短小的旋律、豐富的音色、自由的發展,這些印象派的手法,都生動地刻畫出了一幅幅大海的生動畫麵。


全曲分為三大部分:

  一、《海上從黎明到午後》 這一部分順序描寫了:大海的潮水聲;夜幕緩慢地揭開,一絲光亮映照在海麵上;一輪紅日漸漸升起,天空由紫色變為了青色,逐漸地增加了光輝,一幅開闊的大海黎明景色被生動地描繪出來。從大海在黎明時的安詳開頭,由一個描述海妖的簡單雙音開始展開部,其中多天空與雲彩、陽光在海上千變萬化的光影的描述。近結束時,有一個平靜的眾讚歌樂句。






二、《浪花嬉戲》 音樂生動地描繪了白色的浪花拍擊海岸時的情景。表現海的戲謔的盛怒中,水花湧現出的各種色彩。導入部描寫了可愛的小波浪來回動蕩的音響。在音樂的繼續發展中,英國管奏出可愛的第一個主要動機,給人以幽閑的感覺。








三、《風和海的對話》似乎暴風雨將至,但又一切猝然沉寂。隻聽到遠處而來,越來越強的海妖之歌,最後眾讚歌在歡騰的高潮中重現。這一部分開始時,定音鼓的震音刻畫出遠方激動、飄浮著的雷聲。之後,音樂描寫了海風吹到海麵,引起陣陣騷亂的潮聲,猶如風和海的對話。這部作品不僅描繪出了一幅引人入勝的大海波瀾壯闊的景象,同時也表現出作者對大自然景物的歌頌和讚美。







巴托克認為,“德彪西在《大海》中,構思出一套新的發展方式,其呈示和發展的觀念共同存在於不斷湧出之中。這種湧出使作品無須乞靈於預先設定的任何形式,隻憑借它本身的力量向前推進。”巴托克認為,《從黎明到中午的大海》有一個諸動機依次出現,成為無從把握的半連的導入部,形成樂章的基本要素。不同尋常的調性,形成相互依存的調性關係,賦格式主題形成多重要素組合的“混合型調式”,像是表現大海呼吸的節奏。《浪的嬉戲》中,“就像是澎湃的波浪卷起的形態,其音樂時間幾乎完全無法捕捉。它借不斷的輪流來延續,看似要潰解,消失,不斷又再度湧現。”《風與浪的對話》以引進分化的手法,表現兩種力的關係。“明示出構造上的意義”。


(資料來自網絡)









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Mosical 回複 悄悄話 Debussy's La Mer (The Sea; 1903-1905) is one of the most famous non-symphonic orchestral pieces ever written. During the 1890s, oceanic imagery had proven a recurrent source of inspiration for the composer. Sirènes, the third of the Nocturnes (1897-1999), and passages from the opera Pelléas et Mélisande (1893-1905) at once bear testament to a certain nautical bent. La Mer, however, goes a great deal farther than any previous work -- by Debussy or any other composer -- in capturing the raw essence of this most evocative of nature's faces. La Mer is no mere exercise in musical scene-painting, but rather a sonic representation of the myriad thoughts, moods, and basic instinctual reactions the sea draws from an individual human soul.

La Mer comprises three distinct movements: "De l'aube à midi sur la mer" (From Dawn to Noon on the Sea), "Jeux de vagues" (The Play of the Waves), and "Dialogue du vent et de la mer" (Dialogue of the Wind and the Sea). "De l'aube à midi sur la mer" unfolds in 6/8 following a Trés lent (very slow) introduction. As in so much of the composer's mature music, it is not always possible to draw a clear distinction between thematic material and accompaniment and texture. Indeed, texture itself is often paramount in Debussy's music; what few glimpses of discreet melodies the movement affords (such as the glassy violin solo that arrives some sixty bars into the piece, or the brief horn gesture soon after the metric change to 6/8) are soon subsumed into the complex orchestral fabric. There are passages during which the rhythmic and metric scheme is obscured, perhaps intentionally so, by as many as six or seven different layers of simultaneous activity. The movement ends with one of the most striking of the composer's musical affirmations: In an enigmatic gesture, the final forte-fortissimo brass attack dies away to piano as the movement draws to a close.

The scoring of "Jeux de vagues" is, on the whole, more austere than that of the first movement. Frequent trills and bursts of rhythmic vitality vividly bring to life the movement's frolicsome, unpredictable subject matter, while the extremely quiet ending purposely fails to resolve any of the musical expectations set out in the preceding, more active sections. The scoring of this passage (solo flute and harp harmonics) recalls the identical orchestration as used by the composer at the end of Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun; 1894), Indeed, these parallel passages are quite similiar in dramatic purpose.

The final "Dialogue" is a tumultuous juxtaposition of an urgent, articulated rhythmic gesture -- first introduced pianissimo by the cellos and basses and ingeniously manipulated throughout the movement -- with a grandiose legato idea that many have likened to the melodies of César Franck (an important influence upon the young Debussy). A sustained forte-fortissimo brings this violent, elemental work to a powerful close. ~ All Music Guide

Source: http://www.answers.com/topic/la-mer-symphonic-sketches-3-for-orchestra-l-109
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