2009 (118)
2010 (83)
2011 (69)
2014 (120)
2019 (209)
皮膚惡性腫瘤 (卡波氏肉瘤, Kaposi sarcoma,簡稱 KS, 一種惡性度不是很高的皮膚血管肉瘤)是發現 AIDS 和 HIV 的導火索。本來這種肉瘤是主要發生於老年人的惡性腫瘤,表現為皮損和慢性病程,很少死亡。 1981年6月到8月,美國疾病控製中心陸續接到了96例男性同性戀者患卡波氏肉瘤和卡氏肺囊蟲肺炎的報告。這些人年齡16-51歲,平均39歲,多數人伴有巨細胞病毒、單純瘤彥病毒、隱球菌、弓形體等機會性感染,同時還有細胞免疫功能的缺陷。而在1970-1979年近10年的時間內沒有發現一例50歲以下男性卡波氏肉瘤,1961-1979年近20年時間內紐約大學醫院也隻發 現了3例。
當時舊金山地區幾個皮膚科診所陸陸續續發現了好多例年輕男性發生 KS 的患者,醫生都感覺非常奇怪。
當然後來發現 KS 是人類皰疹病毒八型 (HHV-8) 引起的,跟 HIV 病毒本身沒有關係。但是跟 HIV 感染以後發現的細胞免疫缺陷有關係。
男同性戀中 HIV 感染發病率高的原因主要就是
肛門和直腸下端的黏膜比陰道黏膜更容易破損而產生艾滋病毒的傳播。
男同性戀性行為中使用 Condom 的比例比異性性行為中使用的比例少很多,因為 Condom 最初的作用主要還是為了避孕,男同性戀性行為不存在這方麵的顧慮。
還有就是男同性戀的性伴侶比異性戀的性伴侶變換頻率高很多,他們的性行為也有很大的隨機性。
research has shown that being on the receiving end of anal intercourse is equally risky whether you're a man or a woman. The risk was estimated at 1.4 percent per sex act with an infected person -- about 18 times more risky than male-to-female vaginal intercourse.
The study authors estimate that if receptive anal intercourse were only as risky as vaginal intercourse, HIV cases would fall by 80 percent to 98 percent among gay and bisexual men over five years. They also estimate that cases would fall by 29 percent to 51 percent if more gay and bisexual men had sex in long-term relationships instead of casual encounters.
看看這個幾年前的美國疾病控製中心CDC 的統計學數據:
How does HIV affect gay and bisexual men?
In the United States, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are the population most affected by HIV. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 67% of people diagnosed with HIV in 2015 in the United States were gay and bisexual men.
Among all gay and bisexual men, African Americans are the racial/ethnic group most affected by HIV. CDC reports that in 2015, more African-American gay and bisexual men were newly diagnosed with HIV than white or Hispanic/Latino gay and bisexual men.