正文
見到網上關於參加本次奧運會的中國女子體操隊幾名運動員實際年齡的爭論。中國的
體操隊教練堅持隊員的年齡都在奧運會規定的16 歲參賽年齡以上，奧運會的有關官
員也報告說，經檢查，中國女子體操隊隊員的護照上注明的年齡也的確是16 歲以上。
但爭論並沒有就此停止，主要原因基於中國體操隊部分隊員看上去和16 歲的年齡好
象“不符”。據報導，甚至在奧運會結束後，爭論可能會有進一步的發展。這不但
涉及到中國體操隊，中國政府的信譽，也涉及到整個奧林匹克運動和組織的規則與
信譽。
除了白紙上寫的數字外，實際上是有科學的辦法來幫助檢查和鑒定人的實際年齡的。
這在骨科和法醫學方麵都不是什麽秘密。
在網上就可以找到這方麵的資料(見下麵)，因為兒童的骨骼發育與年齡和營養狀況
有直接的關係。醫學上常用骨齡(骨骼年齡的簡稱)，來確定兒童的生物學年齡(即實
際的年齡)，還可以通過骨齡了解兒童的生長發育潛力以及性成熟的趨勢。
不知道奧運會或國際體操組織是否有做這樣檢查的例子，從實際的角度來說，這是
件很簡單但又事關重大的事，不是嗎？
The Olympics’ age-old problem
By Dan Wetzel, Yahoo! Sports，Aug 15, 2008
BEIJING ━ For a long time, elements of the Chinese government itself thought
women’s gymnast He Kexin was born Jan. 1, 1994, which would make her 14
and too young to compete in these Summer Olympics.
Whether it was repeated mentions in the government-controlled media ━ including
a new one uncovered Friday by the Associated Press ━ or on official gymnastic
meet registration forms and websites, He was "this little girl" and a "new star."
As recently as December 2007, in provincial gymnastics meets and news reports
that covered it, she was a 13-year-old prodigy, too young for the 16-year-old
Olympic age limit for gymnastics.
Then, suddenly, she wasn’t.
Earlier this year China produced her passport that claimed she was born
Jan. 1, 1992, making her old enough to perform a brilliant uneven bar routine
and push China to the women’s all around gold medal.
The Chinese either got it wrong in 2007 or wrong in 2008. Considering 2000
Chinese bronze medalist Yang Yun later admitted on state television she
was 14 that year, the reported ages of He Kexin and at least two of her
teammates have aroused suspicion in nearly everyone except the powers that
be ━ the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) and the International
Olympic Committee (IOC).
Both organizations accepted the new passport as fact, certified He and tried
to cover their collective ears at all the complaints. Wednesday, the IOC
even slipped a gold medal around He Kexin’s neck.
If the IOC had a modicum of decency and courage (don’t count on it), it
would open an immediate investigation into whether it might take that medal
right back.
If not for the of-age gymnasts who lost to the Chinese, then for He and
her diminutive teammates, who ━ if they actually are old enough ━ don’
t deserve suspicion tainting their accomplishment.
While the IOC undoubtedly is petrified of humiliating the host country in
such a scandal, doing nothing merely humiliates the IOC and continues the
belief that the organization is about money, not fair play.
For its part, the Chinese gymnastics delegation told the AP that the mistake
was made by the media and provincial officials, not on the passport. Everything
is on the up and up.
“It’s definitely a mistake,” Zhang Hongliang told the AP. “Never has
any media outlet called me to check the athletes’ ages.”
“We already explained this very clearly," Zhang said. "There’s no need
to discuss this thing again.”
Oh, but there is. The age of the Chinese gymnasts has overwhelmed the women’
s gymnastics competition.
It’s not just the wild and often ill-timed accusations by USA Gymnastics
team coordinator Marta Karoyli and her husband Bela Karoyli, who dubbed
the Chinese “half people.”
It’s the snickers from disbelieving fans around the world who can’t come
to grips with girls who look so young actually being 16.
The entire competition has lost credibility. Outside of China the focus
has been on the birth dates, not the brilliance of the Chinese athletes.
The IOC and FIG can’t continue to bury their heads and hope it will blow
away.
"The FIG has received confirmation from the International Olympic Committee
that all passports are valid for all gymnasts competing in the Beijing Olympic
Games," FIG said in a statement.
"Stringent control measures are taken at the time of athlete accreditation
for all official FIG competitions. Further, all athlete ages for the Beijing
Olympic Games are consistent with the FIG records for all past FIG competitions."
In an effort to protect the health of athletes whose bones and muscles have
not fully formed, FIG years ago instituted the 16-year-old age minimum.
To compete in these Games, a gymnast had to be born in 1992 or earlier.
A younger and presumably smaller gymnast would have an advantage in some
disciplines due to their nimble nature. Nadia Comaneci scored seven perfect-10s
in the 1976 Games when she was just 14.
Perhaps it’s believable that one person’s age could be so terribly confused.
However, He is just one of the gymnasts with suspicious confusion.
The birth date of Yang Yilin was listed on official national registration
lists posted by the General Administration of Sport of China website from
2004-2006 as a too-young Aug. 26, 1993, according to the AP.
On her passport her birth date is Aug. 26, 1992.
Jiang Yuyuan’s birthday was Oct. 1, 1993 as recently as a registration
list for a 2007 competition. According to her passport she was born Nov.
1, 1991.
All three of those gymnasts produced high-scoring performances on the uneven
bars that gave China a lead it would not relinquish in the women’s team
all around. It was one reason Marta Karoyli stomped around mocking the Chinese
to her American gymnasts, calling them ǒlittle babiesō and later claiming
one still had "baby teeth."
Karoyli’s suspicions were never wrong, just the style, means and timing
in which she and her husband expressed them. The fact that her team’s performance
was not strong and she expanded the conspiracies to include Olympic officials
who were supposedly distracting her gymnasts didn’t help (that accusation
was refuted by USA Gymnastics itself).
No matter the strength of the allegations, the moments after the competition
was not the time for Karoyli to throw a hissy-fit unbecoming of a team coordinator.
Gymnastics deserve better from everyone. This cloud of controversy isn’
t fair to the Chinese, the Americans or anyone else, and it shouldn’t be
played out in media quotes and old websites.
A real investigation with real explanations is long overdue. It’s time
for the IOC to do more than count the money here.
Dan Wetzel is Yahoo! Sports' national columnist. Send Dan a question or
comment for potential use in a future column or webcast.
http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/beijing/gymnastics/news?slug=dw-gymnastsage081408&
prov=yhoo&type=lgns
骨齡與兒童生長
2005年04月26日17:33
骨齡是骨骼年齡的簡稱，借助於骨骼在X光攝像中的特定圖像來確定。在了解孩子的
骨齡情況時，通常要拍攝兒童手腕部的X光片，醫生通過X光片觀察骨化中心的出現，
骨塊的發育以及骨_和骨幹的愈合過程，來確定兒童的骨齡。
骨齡是人體成熟程度的良好指標。它不僅可以確定兒童的生物學年齡，而且還
可以通過骨齡及早了解兒童的生長發育潛力以及性成熟的趨勢：通過骨齡還可預測
兒童的成年身高，骨齡的測定還對一些兒科內分泌疾病的診斷有很大幫助。
判斷兒童骨齡有三種常用的方法：
1、根據手腕部骨化中心數來判斷骨齡
觀察受檢兒童的手腕部萌出的骨化中心數來判斷骨骼發育的成熟程度：如出現
頭骨、鉤骨時，骨齡相當於6個月：出現三角骨時，骨齡相當於3歲……該方法較適
應於7歲以前的兒童。
2、根據手腕部X光圖譜來判斷骨齡
將受檢兒童手腕部的X光片與標準圖譜作比較，當該兒童手腕部的骨化中心的數
目、形態及大小與標準圖譜中某一年齡所示的骨化中心較為一致時，此圖譜上的年
齡即為該兒童的骨齡。該圖譜男女各一套，適合於0-19歲的兒童少年。
3、根據腕骨形態、大小等發育變化進行計分判斷骨齡
將受檢兒童手腕部各骨化中心的發育情況進行分期評分，累計總分後查出相應
的骨齡。此法較前兩種方法更全麵客觀，也較精確，但因為方法繁瑣、複雜、門診
不常用。
研究表明，骨齡和兒童身高之間有著極其密切的相互關係：中等身材的兒童，
其骨齡與時間年齡相差在一年以內；高身材的兒童，骨齡超過時間年齡一年以上
（早發育）。如果將骨骼的成熟程度與兒童身高結合起來考慮，就可以判斷兒童成
年後的身高類型。如果兒童的骨齡與身材均處於低水平，即骨齡落後，身材亦矮小，
則該兒童將來可以發育為正常身高者（屬晚發育）；如果兒童骨齡落後，而身高中
等或偏高的，則該兒童可能發育成為高身材者（目前許多少年體校選拔運動員常尋
找這類型的兒童）；如果兒童骨齡較高，而身材卻矮的，則將來很可能成為矮身材
者；如果兒童骨齡和身高均處於高水平，則該兒童生長潛力也不大，最終未必成為
高身材（屬早發育）者。
需要指出的是，如果兒童的骨齡與時間年齡相差二年以上，則要到醫院仔細檢
查。因為骨齡的異常，常常是兒科某些內分泌疾病所表現的一個方麵。
作為父母，當發現孩子的生長出現異常時，應盡早到醫院請醫生幫助尋找原因，
最好拍一張手腕部的X光片來判斷骨齡，決定是否用藥、用何種藥物，切忌濫用“增
長劑”。這些藥會加速骨骼愈合過程，反而抑製身高的繼續增長。
http://baobao.sohu.com/20050426/n225350624.shtml
摘自： 夠骨_前麵過早融合骨_損傷的臨床分
〔放射診斷學〕第二節 正常X線表現
（六）骨骨後(骨+後是一個字)板（Epiphysis）
位於長骨的兩端。在胎兒及嬰幼兒多為軟骨，隨著年齡增長而逐漸骨化，出現
繼發性骨化中心或骨核。骨核初期為一個或多個點狀致密影，逐漸增大，邊緣可稍
不規則，最後與幹_端融合。
骨齡（Bonr age）是指骨_的骨核及不規則形骨化中心出現及骨_與幹_端融合的年齡。
根據骨齡可以推測骨骼的生長發育情況，有助於診斷。對診斷一些內分泌疾患等有
一 定價值。但它有一個正常標準範圍，且因種族，地區及性別不同而有差異，應用
時要注意這些因素的影響。
（七）骨骨後(骨+後是一個字)板（Epiphyseal plate） 是骨_與幹_端之間的軟骨
（解剖學上稱為_盤或軟骨盤）。在幼兒長骨X線片上表現為較寬的橫行透光帶，隨
著年齡增長而逐漸變窄，形成一條透光線，X線學上稱它為_線，應注意與骨折線相
鑒別。最後，骨_與幹_端進行骨性聯接形成骨端，長骨停止生長，骨_線隨之消失，
有時殘留一條致密線痕跡。
http://www.med66.com/html/2007/8/zh791622720182870026754.html
• 我原來也還以為都是靠測骨齡的呢，還以為美國人輸不起呢。 -dell_dell- ♀ 給 dell_dell 發送悄悄話 創建自己的博客 (0 bytes) (18 reads) 8/15/08
• 這些方法大概隻有統計學上的意義，但對單個個體不是決定性的 -出入自在- ♂ 給 出入自在 發送悄悄話 出入自在 的個人博客首頁 (396 bytes) (69 reads) 8/15/08
• IOC醫學官員說， 用骨齡測定歲數， 誤差在一兩年 -笨得無以複加- ♂ 給 笨得無以複加 發送悄悄話 笨得無以複加 的個人博客首頁 (0 bytes) (10 reads) 8/15/08
• 回複：IOC醫學官員說， 用骨齡測定歲數， 誤差在一兩年 -笨得無以複加- ♂ 給 笨得無以複加 發送悄悄話 笨得無以複加 的個人博客首頁 (102 bytes) (82 reads) 8/15/08
• got Japan's 19 years old Olympic Gymnists pictures? -thrawn- ♂ 給 thrawn 發送悄悄話 thrawn 的個人博客首頁 (0 bytes) (35 reads) 8/15/08
• 中國可以拉上美國那個１４歲的銀牌小孩一起照X光 -2155806- ♂ 給 2155806 發送悄悄話 創建自己的博客 (397 bytes) (58 reads) 8/15/08