Separation anxiety disorder 離別焦慮障礙

A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by three (or more) of the following:
離開家或關係密切的親人時出現與發育年齡不符的過於焦慮,主要有以下三種或以上表現
(1) recurrent excessive distress when separation from home or major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated
在離開家或關係密切的親人時出現或預計出現反複過度的痛苦悲傷
(2）persistent and excessive worry about losing, or about possible harm befalling, major attachment figures
過度和持續地擔心會失去關係緊密的親人或有災難會降臨到關係緊密的親人身上
(3) persistent and excessive worry that an untoward event will lead to separation from a major attachment figure (e.g., getting lost or being kidnapped)
持續和過度地擔心一個意外事件會導致與關係密切的親人分離(如丟失或拐走)
(4) persistent reluctance or refusal to go to school or elsewhere because of fear of separation
反複地避免或拒絕上學或去其他地方因為害怕分離
(5）Persistently and excessively fearful or reluctant to be alone or without major attachment figures at home or without significant adults in other settings
反複過度地害怕獨自在家或沒有關係密切親人在家或其他場合的陪伴
(6) persistent reluctance or refusal to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure or to sleep away from home
睡覺時反複避免或拒絕沒有關係密切的親人陪伴
(7) repeated nightmares involving the theme of separation
經常做分離的惡夢
(8) repeated complaints of physical symptoms (such as headaches, stomach-aches, nausea, or vomiting) when separation from major attachment figures occurs or is anticipated
在與關係密切的親人分離時會反複主訴身體不適(如頭痛,胃痛,惡心,嘔吐)
B. The duration of the disturbance is at least 4 weeks.
至少持續發病四個月
C. The onset is before age 18 years.
發病在18歲以前
D. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic (occupational), or other important areas of functioning.
障礙嚴重影響到社交,學習,工作和其他重要的事情
E. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder and, and in adolescents and adults, is not better accounted for by panic disorder with agoraphobia
這些障礙不僅僅發生在其他一些精神障礙發作期間(如廣泛性發育障礙,精神分裂症,其他精神錯亂性疾病)也不符合陌生場合恐怖症的診斷.