Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (注意力缺陷或多動綜合症)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(注意力缺陷或多動綜合症)是Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders(注意力缺陷和破壞性行為障礙的一種,它具有以下表現:

A. Either (1) or (2):無論(1)或(2)中

(1) six (or more) of the following symptoms of inattention have persisited for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level:
有六項或以上注意力不集中現象持續了六個月,而且其程度到了不能適應生活需要,與其發育年紀不符合.
  Inattention
注意力缺陷
(a) often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities
經常不能專心於細節或者經常在學習,工作或其它活動中粗心大意
(b) often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
經常難於做要專心的事情或遊戲
(c) often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
在與人直接進行交談的時候經常走神
(d) often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)
經常不能遵守學習上或工作中的指示,從而不能完成任務.這種不能完成任務不是因為對抗或沒有弄懂指示.
(e) offen has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
經常有困難完成有條理性的工作和活動
(f) often aviods, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)
經常回避,不喜歡,或不情願去參與需要持續費精神的事情(學校活動或家庭作業)
(g) often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools)
經常丟失工作和學習中需要的東西(如玩具,布置的作業,鉛筆,書,工具)
(h) is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
經常很容易被外界幹擾所吸引
(i) is often forgetful in daily activities
經常忘事情
(2) six (or more) of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level:
六項或多於六項以下的多動-衝動,並持續了至少六個月,其程度達到影響功能,與發育年紀不符合

Hyperactivity
多動

(a) often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat
經常坐立不安或手腳不停
(b) often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected
在需要坐在位子上的場合經常下來走動
(c) often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, my be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness)
經常不合時宜地跑來跑去或爬高上低(對於青少年和成人可能是坐立不安的感覺)
(d) often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
經常難於參與需要安靜的遊戲或活動
(f) often talks excessively
經常話說的過多
Impulsivity
衝動
(g) often blurts out answers before questions have been completed
經常在問題問完以前搶答
(h) often has difficulty awaiting turn
經常不能等待輪流到自己
(i) often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into converstions or games)
經常打斷或幹擾其他人的交談或活動(例如,插入其他人正在進行的談話或遊戲)
B. Some hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment were present before age 7 years.
一些引起功能障礙的多動-衝動症狀在七歲以前開始
C. Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g., at school (or at work) and at home).
一些因多動-衝動造成的功能障礙出現在兩種或以上場合(如,學校(工作單位)加上家庭)
D. There must clear evidence of clinically significant imapirment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
所有障礙必須是已經達到了影響社會活動參與,學習,工作的臨床診斷.
E. The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorder and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., Mood Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Dissociative Disorder, or a Personality Disorder).
所有症狀不是由於全身性發育障礙,精神分裂症,或其它精神錯亂性疾病造成的,也不能用其它一些精神疾病來解釋(如情緒障礙,焦慮症,分裂症,或人格障礙)