Pervasive developmental disorders (全身性的發育遲緩):-.自閉

Autistic disorder (自閉症)
A. A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and (3), with at least two from (1), and one each from (2) and (3):
以下三類症狀中占至少六項,而且第一類至少占兩項,也至少各有一項來自第二和第三大類:
(1) qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
在社交方麵有顯著的能力缺陷,至少占以下的兩項:
  (a) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction
顯著地不能運用語言以外的交流方式,如眼神交流,麵部表情交流,身體姿勢和體態交流
  (b) failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
與其發育年紀相比,不能發展正常的同伴交往
  (c) a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bring, or pointing out objects of interest)
不能自發的主動與他人分享快樂,興趣,成果鑒定(比如: 不能向人展示,提出,或指出有興趣的物體)
  (d) lack of social or emotional reciprocity
不能進行社交或情緒互動
(2) qualitative impairments in communication as manifested by at least one of the following:
在交流方麵有顯著的能力缺陷,至少有以下兩個方麵:
  (a) delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime)
說話發育遲緩或是完全沒有發育 (並且不會用手勢,或啞語來替代)
  (b) in individuals with adequate speech, marked impirment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
對於有說話能力的一部分人來說,他們也缺乏啟動或維持與人會話的能力
  (c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
刻板和重複使用語言
  (d) lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
與其發育年紀相比,不能做有變化的,自發假想性的遊戲,也不會啟動社交遊戲
(3) restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior interests, and activitives, as manifested by at least one of the following:
有限的重複某些刻板的行為性興趣和活動,至少表現以下的兩項
  (a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus
對一項或多項刻板的有限的興趣表現出超乎尋常的關注和熱情
  (b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals
很明顯地堅守一些特殊的沒有功能用途的儀式
  (c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex wholebody movements)
有機械的重複性的行為動作(比如, 手或手指的抖動或扭動,複雜的整個身體運動)
  (d) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
持久地全神貫注於物體的某些部位

B. Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years:
以下至少一項指標在三歲以前就表現出的發育遲緩或功能不正常
  (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play.
(1)與人交往,(2)與人交往中的語言運用,(3)象征性和想象性的遊戲

C. The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett's Disorder or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder.
以上障礙不能用氏疾患或兒童期崩解性疾患來解釋