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不忘中囯 (熱門博主)
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My Diary 79 --- 美國經濟不咳嗽了!

(2005-02-07 20:53:22) 下一個

二月剛出頭,林林總總的美國經濟數據就出爐了,有時想想格林斯潘也確實不簡單,這麽多統計數據,就是計算機做回歸分析也得有陣子的事。這美國經濟來來回回折騰有段時間了,就象紅樓夢裏林妹妹的咳嗽,病雖小可是動靜不小。

 

 

話歸正題。在過去的四個季度裏,美國經濟的平均增長率超4%,加上一些間接的證據表明美國已經走出了“soft Economy”的低潮期。因此,總體來看美國經濟是緩過來。Fed Governor Edward Gramlich這麽總結:Overall the US economy appeared to be doing wellOutput growth is healthy to normalunemployment is working its way down and we're not far from full employment。”這一連串well, healthy, full 的用詞已經讓人覺得久違了,據此我估計格老的利率飛刀還得來幾發。美聯儲也表示“we're gradually coming back to normal at a pace that is likely to be measured。”看來如果美國經濟是春江水暖,那麽這Fed的幾位Governors就是“鴨子”了。不過,在整個宏觀層麵回暖的趨勢下,仍然隱藏著一些值得人們注意的地方。

 

 

首先是儲蓄率太低的問題。自二戰以後,國內低儲蓄率一直是美國經濟的一個隱憂。Fed曾警告說,美國需要勒緊財政的褲腰帶以減少對外國資本流入的依賴。Gramlich 於本周一的記者會上指出,如今中日兩國在印鈔票,購買美國國債,累積了高達$ 2 trillion的外匯儲備,導致的直接效果就是抬高美元,壓低了各自本國貨幣幣值。而由外國央行屯積的美國國債額度是世界資本市場曆史上從沒有過的。他不無擔憂的說:我們(Fed)不知道這種局麵能夠或者將持續多久,但this is a big and durable phenomenon and it is serious

 

 

其次是就業和生產率的問題。許多經濟學家基於前幾個季度美國就業增長的趨勢曾很樂觀的估計,一月份的nonfarm payrolls 會給大家一個驚喜。然而,恰恰相反。146K的非農業就業增長遠低於人們的預測中值185K。另外,通常較低的就業增長總是伴隨著增高的平均每周工作小時(average hourly workweek),而這次的統計結果也出乎意料之外。不過這些數據也意味著雖然生產時間並沒有延長,美國經濟的生產率在提高,隻是幅度會小一點,但畢竟經濟的增長還是有一定的潛力。

 

 

再次就是美元的問題。由於GreenspanG7會議之前發表了對美國current account deficit的樂觀評估和中國再次重申暫緩進行匯率調整,使得市場短時間內的壓力減小了。話音剛落不久,美元兌歐元升到三個月來的最高($/Euro=1.2777),加元兌美元(US$ / C$=0.7965)也跌破80 cents的關鍵點。這裏要附帶提到的是央行周小川行長說,中國將在穩定的宏觀經濟環境和健康的金融體係的大前提下,根據自己的時間表對人民幣匯率進行調整,同時也會綜合考慮對全球經濟的影響。他又說,如果考慮中國的外匯支付和資本流動總體格局,人民幣並沒有象外界說的那樣被“嚴重低估”。另外,布什總統周一向國會提出的縮減後的 $2.57 trillion 預算草案也給美元打了一針興奮劑。

 

 

根據白宮的最新經濟報告,2005年美國經濟可能還會取得4%左右的增長。同時GDP.增長的持續加快也將促使Fed繼續其適度緊縮的貨幣政策,這樣做也是為了確保美國core CPI保持在2%左右的水平。自去年夏天開始,美國的利率水平已經從後911時代的1%提高到了目前的2.5%。另外,對GDP預測的核心問題是美國能在多大程度上保持國內需求的增長。在這個問題上,市場普遍持樂觀態度,因為美元的持續貶值和經濟的強勁增長增強了美國的競爭力。這些都將有助於美國縮減需求與產出之間的差距,並減少美國的經常賬戶赤字。如果中國在今年晚些時候能夠接受人民幣升值,美國的好日子可能會更舒暢,而這種情況很可能會發生。但是盡管美國的需求和產出實現再次平衡是很受歡迎的,為了得到一種對等和均等的轉換,美國則把更多的責任推到了其他經濟體的頭上。著對於那些長期依賴出口來驅動需求的地區來說是很不利的。對於日本來講,它將從亞洲的強勁增長中受益,而歐盟地區的問題可能比日本要嚴峻一些。

 

 

結尾時,腦海裏閃過葛優在賀歲片《甲方乙方》裏的記者招待會說過“她已經不咳嗽了”。說到賀歲,值此新春佳節,人在海外,備思親人,在此恭祝:

 

我的祖國,雞年一唱,天下獨白!

 

我的父母,身體健康,壽比南山!

 

我的朋友,春節快樂,心想事成!

 

 

 

 

寫於200527日多倫多

 

 

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評論
不忘中囯 回複 悄悄話 **To WeiPeng**


Happy New Year, Wei:

You raise an interesting point but you may not closely pay attention to the details of data in the US economy. Yes, if the M3 growth (6.2%) is the yardstick of future inflation, then the CPI around 2.5% is seemed to be underestimated. However, there are other deflation factors playing their roles. One f them is the wages growth in the US manufacturing sector, which has been at its lowest level during the past 4-5 years because of the continuous layoff due to the competition from countries like China and India.

On the other hand, how can on keep on spending to become rich? Ah, if you look at the level of real interest rate, which is still not back to the neural level as Fed targeted. So when people can borrow in a low rate while invest in the high growth rate of wealth, why don’t they keep borrowing and spending? The same thing happened in the so-called, “Japan Cary Trade”, where investors borrow from Japan and invest the money in US market to gain from the relative growth differentials. But there is foreign currency exposure in this cross-country investment, but there is no such problem regarding the domestic US consumer.

Have a good day!
≠paleink 回複 悄悄話 有人比較貪心哦
寫日記,還要要歌
小心來年吃成小胖胖啊:)


新年愉快
心想事成






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