What’s happened to the popularity of philosophy as a subject since you studied it?
It’s gone down. Our college students today are far more practical. When I was in college, which was in the last hey-day of the radical movement, it was a more philosophically reflective time. Now, they want to get good jobs and get rich fast.
Despite this, and the fact that so many students are facing massive debt and a bleak economy, how can you make the case that they should study philosophy?
I wouldn’t say that they must go into philosophy, and frankly, the field can’t absorb that many people, but I would say that it’s always a good thing to know, no matter what you go on to study—to be able to think critically. To challenge your own point of view. Also, you need to be a citizen in this world. You need to know your responsibilities. You’re going to have many moral choices every day of your life. And it enriches your inner life. You have lots of frameworks to apply to problems, and so many ways to interpret things. It makes life so much more interesting. It’s us at our most human. And it helps us increase our humanity. No matter what you do, that’s an asset.
What do you think are the biggest philosophical issues of our time?
The growth in scientific knowledge presents new philosophical issues. The idea of the multiverse. Where are we in the universe? Physics is blowing our minds about this. The question of whether some of these scientific theories are really even scientific. Can we get predictions out of them? And with the growth in cognitive science and neuroscience. We’re going into the brain and getting these images of the brain. Are we discovering what we really are? Are we solving the problem of free will? Are we learning that there isn’t any free will? How much do the advances in neuroscience tell us about the deep philosophical issues? These are the questions that philosophers are now facing. But I also think, to a certain extent, that our society is becoming much more secular. So the question about how we find meaning in our lives, given that many people no longer look to monotheism as much as they used to in terms of defining the meaning of their life. There’s an undercurrent of a preoccupation with this question. With the decline of religion is there a sense of the meaninglessness of life and the easy consumerist answer that’s filling the space religion used to occupy? This is something that philosophers ought to be addressing.
This conversation was edited and condensed for clarity and length.
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郎景和:“醫學最終應該歸隱於哲學”
發布時間: 2017/5/19 0:40:54 被閱覽數:141 次
【求索】
作者:李琭璐(女,1987年12月生於北京,中國作家協會會員)
如果因為他是醫生,你就無視他的文字,那實在是種可惜。行醫與文字,他莫名其妙地生而天賦。初次見麵,他正坐在辦公室的椅子上,很自在,兩條腿拉直伸長,腳尖搭在一起。說起話來慢條斯理,眉毛一跳一跳,雙手或攤開或緊握,靈活地傳達意思。
他就是郎景和,北京協和醫院婦產科主任,中國工程院院士。彼時,一身白衣的他站在窗邊接電話,合體的藍色襯衫,硬朗的臉部線條,側影挺拔。這位年逾古稀的醫者,仿佛電影男主角。他向我笑著伸出右手,得體躬身,發色已然灰白,眼睛仍坦誠年輕,凝視對方。
希臘哲學家亞裏士多德曾說:「哲學應該從醫學開始,而醫學最終應該歸隱於哲學。」
趙美娟:解放軍總醫院-解放軍醫學院從事以醫學博士生為對象的生命哲學、醫學哲學、健康哲學等人文領域的講座與理論研究。解放軍總醫院“人文講壇”執行創辦人,現為基礎教研室主任、教授,現役軍人。主編教育部教育科學國家規劃項目醫藥類高校教材《醫學人文演講錄》、《醫學人文講壇》等著作。先後負責完成了教育部教育科學國家規劃課題、國家社科基金課題、國家社科基金軍事學項目課題等,先後獲得全軍軍事科學優秀研究數項成果一等獎、二等獎等。
亞裏士多德有一句話:“哲學應該從醫學開始,而醫學最終應該歸隱於哲學。”談及醫學哲學與人文,趙教授在接受采訪時表示:“十八年來,我在做醫學哲學與人文教育的同時也是通過這個在不斷地自我修行,從中理解生命哲學的人文意味。醫學走入21世紀取得了巨大的發展,人民的健康也有很大的改善,生命預期和平均壽命都在延長,但現在的很多疾病都是慢性病,因此當今醫療模式存在著反思的空間,這種變化是一個很好的契機,醫學哲學在這種情況下是很有借鑒意義的。醫學和人文相結合就是為了回歸醫學本質——以人為本,在觀念上如何理解健康和疾病,就意味著在醫學上如何幹預和處置這個疾病,人文的介入能夠更全麵地來看待人的整體性,這才是人文最重要的地方。醫學不是在修理機器,而是要通過人的心理情感、生活、社會等多方麵的整體把握後來認識疾病,要是忽略了人文那就是純技術操作。”
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Aristotle's philosophy was empirical and experiential; he believed in approaching Nature with an open mind to learn Her secrets. ...Aristotle's most important contribution to the theory of GreekMedicine was his doctrine of the Four Basic Qualities: Hot, Cold, Wet, and Dry.
Aristotle's philosophy was empirical and experiential; he believed in approaching Nature with an open mind to learn Her secrets. ... Aristotle's most important contribution to the theory of Greek Medicine was his doctrine of the Four Basic Qualities: Hot, Cold, Wet, and Dry.
Introduction. Aristotle, one the greatest minds that ever existed, is indeed the godfather of evidence-based medicine. His teachings of logic and philosophy have ...
Sep 16, 2002 - Born in 384 B.C.E. the son of a physician at Stageira in Macedonia, Aristotle was one of the most noted philosophers and scientists of the ...
Aristotle's most important contribution to the theory of Greek Medicine was his doctrine of the Four Basic Qualities: Hot, Cold, Wet, and Dry. Later philosopher-physicians would apply these qualities to characterize the Four Elements, Four Humors, and Four Temperaments. The Four Basic Qualities are the foundations for all notions of balance and homeostasis in Greek Medicine.
Aristotle, one the greatest minds that ever existed, is indeed the godfather of evidence-based medicine. His teachings of logic and philosophy have been a driving force continuously guiding medicine away from superstition and towards the scientific method. Today, the revival of evidence-based medicine is only a reaffirmation of his early teachings dating from the fourth century BC.
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Born in 384 B.C.E. the son of a physician at Stageira in Macedonia, Aristotle was one of the most noted philosophers and scientists of the ancient world. Once a student of Plato at his Academy in Athens, Aristotle adopted his own methods of inquiry different from that of his teacher. Unlike Plato, Aristotle felt that one could, and in fact must, trust one's senses in the investigation of knowledge and reality.
At Plato's death, Aristotle was not chosen to be his successor as head of the Academy and he left Athens. He eventually returned to Macedonia, where he was teacher to the young Alexander the Great. After Alexander conquered Athens and the rest of the Middle East and Egypt, Aristotle returned to Athens to found the Lyceum, a school similar to Plato's Academy. After Alexander's death, Aristotle was forced to flee Athens to the nearby island of Euboea, where he died soon afterwards in 322 B.C.E
Aristotle's writings cover a wide variety of subjects, from human and animal anatomy, to metaphysics, statesmanship, and poetry. His treatises on human anatomy are lost, but his many works on animals advocate direct observation and anatomical comparisons between species through dissection. He wrote extensively on the soul, classifying the souls of different forms of life and inanimate objects, including the earth and the heavens. Aristotle wrote extensively on animal life and both sexual and asexual reproduction, making him in many ways the founder of Western natural philosophy.