The answer is 90% yes

The landlord cannot put a negative record directly to your credit report (at least as know at the big 3 credit bureau). But they can do it with the following:

1. Sue you in court. If you have public record, this will hurt you in your credti score.
2. Hire collection agents or sell the debts to collectors. If you pull your credit report, there is an item for all colleciton records, which list to whom you owe the debt and how much is the amount.

In credit score model, both public record and collection record are negative factors. If they are most important factors that make your credit score lower, credit bureau has to disclose them as "adverase action".