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光速悖論

(2022-03-28 13:42:27) 下一個

戴榕菁

前幾天在寫“光速不變其實並非一個簡單的假設”的英文版“Constant Light Speed in Vacuum was not a Mere Postulation”時想到一個有關光速的悖論,一直沒能得到很好的解釋,拿來與大家分享一下。

假設在太空中有兩束相距為L的具有一個寬度的平行光柱A和B(如圖1),假設L=1c,其中c為真空中的光速,1表示1秒的時間長度以滿足量綱要求。有一個長度為L的真空箱以速度V=3c/5在與光線垂直的方向向兩束光柱運行(不要被L這個長度嚇著,在太空中這不算什麽,比物理學家戴森設想的戴森球的尺度小太多了)。真空箱的尾端有一小孔。假設當真空箱的前端碰到光柱B時向尾端的小孔發出一束激光。一秒鍾後激光到達小孔。由於光速在真空中不隨運動參照係而變,這束激光相對光柱A的速度也是c,因此一秒鍾之後,它也應該到達光柱A,但是此時小孔與光柱A之間的距離為V=3c/5 。

也就是說,那束激光同時到達相距將近二十萬公裏的兩個目標。這顯然是不可能的。應該如何解釋這個悖論?

圖1關於光速悖論的思想實驗示意圖

自古希臘的芝諾以來,思想實驗一直是人們用來製造悖論故事的有效的工具,而各種悖論故事又可以幫助人們發現人類邏輯的微妙之處或某些邏輯上的缺陷。本文提出這個悖論的目的不是為了否定狹義相對論的光速不變的條件。如我在“光速不變其實並非一個簡單的假設”一文中指出的,要想否認真空中光速不變的條件需要否定其它一係列的相關前提。我這裏隻不過是與大家分享一個我自己在寫文章時想到的至今還解釋不了的一個悖論而已。相信讀者中有很多相對論的專家可以一如既往地一眼就看出這個悖論的答案,歡迎來與大家分享。如果讀者中沒人解釋得了這個悖論,相信它也自然會升級到更廣的範圍去吸引更多的人來解釋。

文中的3/5是一個隨意選的數,隻是為了表明這個例子具有相對效應的尺度而已。如果有人需要運用洛倫茲變換的話,3/5這個數字運算起來比較方便,用洛倫茲變換開方出來正好是4/5。

順便提一下,我在“光速不變其實並非一個簡單的假設”一文及其英文版“Constant Light Speed in Vacuum was not a Mere Postulation”中都提到由於近些年發現真空中具有能量我們或許有必要驗證一下光線是否會與真空能量發生作用。無巧不巧,理論與實驗物理學家Hosenfelder在上個星期六的一則視頻(https://youtu.be/Bo4al7sNPkE)中提到了這個問題,她說從遙遠的星球射來的伽馬射線沒有出現如在介質中會發生的衍射現象這一點表明光線不會與真空能量發生作用(她的原話說光線在真空中不需要借助能量來運行)。

如果如她所說,來自遙遠星球的伽馬射線沒有表現出任何與介質發生作用的特征的話,我們似乎如她所說可以認定光線不會與真空能量發生作用。

但另一方麵,來自遙遠的星球的伽馬射線沒有表現出任何諸如衍射這樣的與介質發生作用的現象這一點在我聽來似乎也有點奇怪,因為在這途中它幾乎可以肯定會經過大量的布滿宇宙塵埃的區域,難道都不會對它發生任何影響嗎?如果果真如此,是否從另一方麵說明gamma射線沒有出現衍射現象隻能表明它的抗幹擾能力強?坦白說,在這方麵我是外行,既然專家Hosenfelder說了來自遠方的伽馬射線沒有衍射現象表明光線不會和真空能量發生作用,我們就先接受專家的意見吧。。。。。。

 

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閱讀 ()評論 (6)
評論
USOH007 回複 悄悄話 可否這樣看:相對於以3/5c速度運動的真空箱和兩個光柱組成的參照係,按狹義相對論的動尺變短效應,其本身的長度L及兩個光柱之間的距離L均變為2/5c?如此一來,激光與末端的小孔不就同時抵達光柱B了嗎?
慕容青草 回複 悄悄話 對了,我忽略了一點:這裏所謂的悖論是針對相信光速不變的人來說的,對於那些本來就不相信的人來說,是否悖論取決於他與相對論的光速不變的區別是什麽。。。。下麵是我與一位聲稱不認同光速不變但又有他自己的理論的人之間的對話:

Javad Fardaei
2 hrs ago
Dear Dai
I am sure, you know, there is different between Sunlight and Laser beam light.
The property of sunlight is from high frequencies to low frequencies, and from short wavelength to high wavelength, that each ray has its own speed, but laser beam has just one frequency and wavelength.
Sunlight has visible to invisible character...
Unfortunately science mislead itself for century by saying "speed of light" is constant which it is not.
sadly, our icons did not detect this simple phenomenon, either. What I am saying is right and it conform by science as well. Science is wrong on light and sunlight speed
https://www.academia.edu/70960207/Science_is_wrong_on_Light_and_Photon
regards & thank you.
Like

Rongqing Dai
9 mins ago
well, for the sake of the paradox that I am presenting here, what kind of light is not important.....in the container, the reason I am using laser is to create a sense of concentrated beam over a300000km length....just for psychological reason.....it does not really matter.....even if it is just a single photon, the paradox still holds since it is in vacuum without any medium.......as for beam A and beam B, the type of light is even less important.....they are just used as position markers.....if you can imagine well, then you might just assume there are two virtual empty pillars....I use beams of light for, again, making it easy for people to imagine.....

The real deal here is that no one (not even Einstein) has ever tried to put two relatively moving frames of reference connected as the targets of the SAME photon (or beam) to examine the logic behind the constancy of the speed of light.....Although there have been many critics of the constancy of the speed of light like yourself, I would say that this essay is the first one that provides a realistic paradox that no one can deny!

As for you, a critics of the constancy of the speed of light, it might or might not be a paradox depending on how you differ from the constancy of the speed of light.....if your difference is only in whether sunlight and other lights are the same, then it would still be a paradox.....if you don't agree with that the speed of light in vacuum is independent of the selection of frame of reference, then it is no longer a paradox for you....

This paradox holds only to the mainstream physicists who believe that the speed of light in vacuum is constant to all frames of reference......
慕容青草 回複 悄悄話 下麵是我在本文的英文版貼出的地方加的提示,同樣適用於這裏:

A courtesy reminder

I have been often surprised by how poorly professionals read very short essays....so as a courtesy reminder for anyone who would come to comment: Please answer the question whether the laser beam would hit the hole and the beam A or B at the same time as a proof that you do have the ability to understand this short essay.....
慕容青草 回複 悄悄話 居然沒有一個人能讀懂這個悖論?人類文明衰敗如此???下麵是我在一個專業討論論壇上的留言:



It seems that academic physicists are collectively so intellectually crippled simply because they are so weak in philosophical thinking.....

A typical symptom is that when given a writing they would start a big talk and draw conclusions without even comprehending the content....Recently I am presenting a paradox challenging the constancy of the speed of light and I have posted it in multiple places in the internet, but NOT a single PROFESSIONAL PHYSICIST seems to be intellectually capable enough even to read and grasp the content of that very short essay....the only thing they could do is to come and make IRRELEVANT comments------this is so typical with nowadays disabled professional community of physicists, they are just intellectually SO WEAK.

It makes me feel so bad every time when I need to teach them how to read and think and comment maturely like teaching little kids!!! How corrupted is nowadays community of professional physicists???

Here is another chance for those intellectually weak physicists: ARE you even able to read this short essay correctly:

https://www.academia.edu/s/3b35ce08b7?source=link

The edifice of physics is trembling......
慕容青草 回複 悄悄話 在萬維博客與沒讀懂文章(或根本讀不懂文章?)就雞凍地胡扯的網友的對話:


作者:甄曉仁 留言時間:2022-03-29 12:48:52
應該不是悖論。光速不變是光速不隨觀察者所在坐標係而變。假設那激光燈固定在船頭,對準船尾,再假設在船尾有一麵朝前的反光鏡。如果你的朋友站在兩個柱子中間,跟那兩個柱子相對靜止,他會看到那激光源在B點發出的激光以相對於他和柱子的光速c在2/5秒時到達船尾,再以相對於他的光速走3/5秒到達A柱子,對他來說光速c不變。如果你站在那快船最前端的激光器旁邊往船尾看,那激光會以相對於你的光速c往後照射,一秒鍾後到達船尾,再過一秒後你能看到鏡子裏反射回來的光,對你來說光速也不變。如果你從船上下來問你朋友:你剛才看到往後照的光是不是走的比c慢,鏡子反射後往前照的光是不是比c快?他會告訴你說,不是,我測出的前後方向的光速是一樣的,但是從光源到鏡子用的時間不到一秒,而反射光用了一秒多才回到箱子那頭你站的地方,一來一回一共用了兩秒,但光速前後方向都是c,本身沒變。

作者:慕容青草 回複 甄曉仁 留言時間:2022-03-29 14:30:01
你盡可以發揮想象力構想更多的故事,但為了回答本文的悖論隻需回答一個問題:那束光是否同時到達那個小孔與光柱A。。。至於其它無關的想象可以另寫一篇文章去闡述,混在這裏會誤導他人。。。。

回複 | 0
慕容青草 回複 悄悄話 在文化走廊與網友的對話:

Kirn:腦子反應不過來,沒看懂
慕容青草:注意力不要放在那兩個光柱,它們隻是用來表示距離的。重點是真空中光速不隨慣性係選擇而變。在那個長箱子裏,因為它的長度是光速大小,所以1秒鍾後,光正好從一頭到達尾部。。。而那束激光發射時,船頭與光柱A的距離也正好是光速大小,所以如果光對於光柱A的速度也正好是c,那麽1秒鍾之後,那束激光也應該到達光柱A。。。但這是不可能的,因為這時光柱A與船尾之間相差了有近二十萬公裏。。。
但是,如果你說因為光柱A相對於船頭有一個速度V,所以,激光不會在1秒鍾後到達光柱的話,那麽你等於說激光相對於光柱A的速度要從光速中扣去速度V,那就違背了真空中光速不變的前提---這就是本文提出的悖論。。。
考慮到真空中光速不變已經是當今世界物理學的最不可動搖的基礎,我相信應該很快就有人能站出來指出本文的悖論的錯誤。。。。。。。如果沒有的話,問題就嚴重了!!!!!!------雖然可能比不上能量守恒被打破那麽嚴重,也很嚴重!甚至比能量守恒被打破更嚴重。。。。。
光速不變是相對論與量子場論的基礎,如果沒人能指出本文的悖論有什麽問題,整個現代物理學的大廈開始搖晃了。。。。。。之所以說這可能比我之前指出的能量守恒被打破更嚴重是因為至今為止我隻指出宏觀能量可以不守恒以及紅移藍移能量不守恒,還沒有觸及到作為現代物理的最基礎的相對論和量子場論。。。。。。如果沒有人能指出本文的悖論有什麽問題,那就不一樣嘍。。。。。物理學的大廈要搖晃嘍。。。。。。不過我相信,很快就會有人指出這裏的問題的。。。。。中國著名網紅李永樂曾經表示過相對論是不可置疑的。。。。這裏如果有人認識他,不妨將此文發給他,相信他很快就能找出這裏的問題。。。。
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