今天在方舟子新浪博客上(又開通了還是沒有被關?)讀到一篇題為《我為什麽選擇轉基因食品》的文章,發表於《中國青年報》2009年3月17日。裏麵有一句話,”。。。種植抗蟲害轉基因作物能節省80%的農藥,生產成本隨之下降,產量也相應地提高了。例如抗蟲害轉基因玉米能增產5~15%,抗蟲害轉基因水稻能增產6%。“
直覺是這個6%引用不太嚴謹。方舟子沒有給出數字來源,我在網上找了一下,發現一篇2005年發表在美國《科學》(《Science》)雜誌的文章,很可能是方舟子所依據的:
Jikun Huang, Ruifa Hu, Scott Rozelle, Carl Pray.
Insect-Resistant GM Rice in Farmers' Fields: Assessing Productivity and Health Effects in China
Science 2005: Vol. 308 no. 5722 pp. 688-690
文章比較在湖北和福建的一些農村,種植兩種轉基因抗蟲水稻和非轉基因水稻在農藥使用量和大米產量上的差異。這是個基於問卷調查的研究。初讀之下,感覺這篇文章不太符合《科學》文章的一般水平。(以後有時間仔細分析一下)。這裏隻談文章裏轉基因水稻比起非轉基因增產的結論。
文中表1 給出數據:
種植轉基因水稻的農戶, 單產 6364+/-1294 kg/ha (123 塊地 plots)
種非轉基因的,單產 6151+/-1517 kg/ha (224 塊地 plots)
文中敘述(大意),抗蟲轉基因水稻比非轉水稻單產高,雖然隻有3.5%。用ANOVA的統計學方法,考慮年份(共兩年),村莊等因素,得出這個差異是顯著的(statistically significant)。用多元回歸的方法,計算出轉基因水稻比非轉單產高6%。而這個多元回歸結果,根據表2,是6%+/-3%,顯著性為10%。
上一個圖(來自這篇文章的網上補充材料),左邊是轉基因水稻單產,右邊是非轉水稻,這樣的數據對比,能得出顯著性差異,大概需要很高超的統計學技巧吧。注意:種植非轉基因水稻的農戶使用農藥多於種植轉基因的。也控製了蟲害。
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)
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