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美國和西方一直指責中國是南海軍事對抗升級的元凶，但事實也許更複雜。據新加坡外交元老馬凱碩（Kishore Mahbubani，印裔，他是儒家文化的崇拜者，但本質上是西化的了）在近作《Has China won?》披露了一個不常提到的說法，是他第一手從美國前駐華大使芮效儉（Stapleton Roy.）那聽來的。
【原文見下】芮效儉說，2015年9月25日，習近平在與美國總統奧巴馬舉行的聯合記者會上，在南海問題上，習近平曾提出了一個比較合理的方針。習近平支持全麵有效地執行2002年中國與東盟所有10個成員國簽署的《南海各方行為宣言》；呼籲早日完成中國-東盟關於南海行為準則的磋商；並補充說，中國無意將南沙群島軍事化，中國在南沙群島上對其占領的島礁和灘塗進行大規模填海造地，中國無意將其軍事化。芮效儉說，奧巴馬錯過了一個利用這一合理建議的機會，相反，美下令國海軍加強了海上巡邏。中國的回應是進行軍事化。
馬凱碩幾天前在接受采訪是重述了這一故事，再習近平開來，是美國違諾，蓄意升級，中國隻能跟上。在書裏，馬凱碩擠噠西方媒體因為隻能引用政府線索，也就不得不全盤接受政府的言論，暗示實際上西媒跟中國媒體差不到哪兒去。
【原文】
Few Americans can claim to know China as well as Ambassador Stapleton Roy. Born in China, a fluent Mandarin speaker, Roy also served as the American ambassador to China from 1991 to 1995 and has stayed exceptionally well informed on US-China relations. He explained what happened: In a joint press conference with President Obama on September 25, 2015, Xi Jinping had proposed a more reasonable approach on the South China Sea. Xi had supported full and effective implementation of the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, signed by China and all ten ASEAN members; had called for early conclusion of the China-ASEAN consultations on a Code of Conduct for the South China Sea; and had added that China had no intention of militarizing the Spratlys, where it had engaged in massive reclamation work on the reefs and shoals it occupied. Roy said that Obama missed an opportunity to capitalize on this reasonable proposal. Instead, the US Navy stepped up its naval patrols. China responded by proceeding with militarization.
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