美國在2002年的時候通過了一個Help America Vote Act，詳細地規定了各州管理民主投票的最低程序標準。

1. Every state should adopt a system of statewide voter registration.
2. Every state should permit provisional voting by any voter who claims to be a qualified voter in that state.
3. Congress should enact legislation to hold presidential and congressional elections on a national holiday.
4. Congress should adopt legislation that simplifies and facilitates absentee voting by uniformed and overseas citizens.
5. Every state should allow for restoration of voting rights to otherwise eligible citizens who have been convicted of a felony once they have fully served their sentence, including any term of probation or parole.
6. The state and federal governments should take additional steps to assure the voting rights of all citizens and to enforce the principle of one person, one vote.

雖然了解你們沒有耐心探討細節，但知道第一點就行了，美國所有的投票人必須首先有選民登記。如果你的名字不在選民登記的名單上，到時候是不能投票的。隻有美國公民才能進入這個名單，也就是說，非公民在這個過程中就已經被篩選掉了。

即便非公民想投票，也沒有進入投票過程的機會。比如，Georgia found that there were 1,634 noncitizens who tried to register to vote over 25 years — there were about 7 million on the voter rolls in 2022 when the state released this data. But none of the 1,634 were registered. 

這個過程發生疏漏的概率是極其微小的。In another study conducted across a sample of 42 jurisdictions accounting for more than 23 million votes in the 2016 general election, election officials identified just 30 incidents of potential noncitizen voting.

美國絕大多數的州都要求投票人出示ID，用以驗證身份。即便是某些不要求ID的州，根據Help America Vote Act的要求，投票人必須提供 "either a driver's license number or the last four digits of his or her Social Security number at the time of registration. ". 對於首次登記的選民，無論哪個州都是要求出示ID以驗證身份。

所以呢，Speaker Johnson 宣稱的 “The millions (of immigrants) that have been paroled can simply go to their local welfare office or the DMV and register to vote.”， 是不符合事實的。我不想去猜測他這樣宣稱的目的，隻要知道這不是事實就行。

我一貫是支持嚴格投票過程，也支持所有嚴控投票過程的法律，包括投票時無論何種情況必須出示ID。但是呢，無論你支持或反對什麽，基本事實總要先搞清楚。 You need to know what you are talking about. 

PolitiFact | Mike Johnson’s false claim about noncitizens registering to vote at DMV, ‘welfare’ offices