Reading today's 2017 Nobel laureates in physiology/medicine (Ref. 1, 2,3 ) brought me back-tracking almost 25 years ago in New York City.
You didn't know what you missed until very late in your career. You go by instinct at spatiotemporal situation. I didn't see it's coming back in 1993 when Michael Young offered me a position at his Rockefeller University National Lab of Timing - I remember everything was fine except he didn't want me to go for mammalian system but sticker only with Drosophila. His amazing cheerful smile still vividly appears in front of me - what a nice fellow! He's been so prompted at responding to e-mail, very impressive, given his position as VP Rockefeller University and many other responsibilities worldwide.
I didn't have patience in those years as I's strong-headed for my freedom to choose - mammalian systems only direction. In reality, Drosophila led principles can be later used for patients (Ref. 3). This Cell paper can help TCM figure out such as "Circadian Reprogramming in the Liver Identifies Metabolic Pathways of Aging" -
Western medicine uses the term “circadian rhythms” to describe these asleep patterns. Chinese Medicine uses the theory of the Chinese clock to describe a similar set of biological clock timing for different organs (activity). For example,
The Traditional Chinese (TCM) medicine has discovered that the liver is most active between 1-3am. The liver's daily programming assumes an early dinner and bedtime.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine it is believed that each organ has its point of ... 1-3am is the time of the Liver and a time when the body should be alseep.
www.the-scientist.com › The Scientist › April 2017 Issue › Features
Apr 1, 2017 - But timing flu vaccine delivery would be straightforward to implement. ... notice of
the body's internal rhythms, timed therapies are still the exception to the rule. .... are revealing that timing medications to the body's internal clock ...
1984 年,霍爾和 羅斯巴什(波士頓的布蘭迪斯大學)和洛克菲洛大學的 邁克爾·楊成功地分離出了 period 基因。他們把這個基因編碼的蛋白其名為“PER”。他們發現,在晚上 ,PER 蛋白會在果蠅體內積累,到了白天又會被分解。並且發現 PER蛋白 的濃度會循環震蕩,周期為 24 小時,和晝夜節律相同。他們猜測PER 蛋白可以讓 period 基因失去活性。也就是PER蛋白 和 period 基因之間形成了一個抑製反饋的環路,PER蛋白 可以抑製基因合成自己,這樣就形成了一個連續循環的完整節律。當period基因有活性的時候,可以合成period mRNA,然後進入細胞質後開始合成PER蛋白。PER蛋白又會進入細胞核,逐漸積累,抑製period的活性。period基因經過了一個完整的24小時周期,就形成了一個抑製性的反饋機製,形成了晝夜節律(見下圖)。
period基因反饋條件的簡單示意圖
2, TIM蛋白基因:timeless----輔助PER蛋白工作
1994 年,洛克菲洛大學的 邁克爾·楊 發現了第二個節律基因:timeless。之前雖然已經發現PER 蛋白的功能,有一個關鍵環節是從細胞質進入細胞核才能抑製 period 基因。但是它是如何進入細胞核的呢?實際上Timeless 可以編碼 TIM蛋白,可以幫助PER進入細胞核。邁克爾·楊做了一個漂亮的實驗,發現 TIM 會結合到 PER 上,然後兩個蛋白可以一起進入細胞核,並且在那裏抑製 period 基因的活性(如下圖)。
Decades of lab-animal studies connect health and longevity to dramatic caloric restriction. Scientists continue to replicate these animal studies in their quest to figure out what causes aging. One of these scientists is Paolo Sassone-Corsi, the director of the Center for Epigenetics & Metabolism at the University of California, Irvine. He’s the lead author of a paper published in August in the journal Cell that shows how our biological clock affects metabolism.
四位一體, 四願讀寫博文 Postscript(epilogue) for governing all my blog posts
獨立的時空, 自由的思寫。勞作 (Labor)、藝術 (art)、遊戲 (game)、學問 (knowledge), 四位一體; 四願讀寫博文: 正義(Justice)、良知 (conscience)、自由 (freedom)、獨立 (independence)- leading to integrity, compassion, and mutual respect 。照鏡驗心,久而久之習慣自然, 我手寫我心,寫出心安而淡然、端然、坦然。
I can't ask or practice wisdom as I believe it's not by gain of your own effort but given by God like kindness, grace and mercy.
勞作(勞工),藝術,遊戲,學問(知識)-
我不能要求或實踐獲得智慧,因為我相信這智慧不是因為你自己的努力而得到的,而是像上帝的慈愛,恩典和憐憫所給予的。