Vocabulary Exercise 8 idea n.concept,notion,thought ideal n.model,standard; adj.perfect,model idle adj. inactive,unused,inert/ lazy illusion n.fantasy,delusion/an erroneous perception or concept illustration n.picture,drawing,de***ion imaginary adj.unreal,fantastic,fictitious imaginative adj.creative,original,clever immense adj.huge,enormous,massive,colossal impair v.damage,injure,spoil,interfere with impartial adj.fair,unbiased,neutral implement v.realize,achieve,put into practice,execute n.tool,utensil,instrument incessant adj.constant,ceaseless,continuous increment n.increase,amount incursion n.raid,attack,small-scale invasion indifferent adj.uncaring,apathetic,unconcerned indigenous adj.native indispensable adj.necessary,essential,vital,critical indistinct adj.unclear,blurry,hazy,fuzzy induce v.persuade,convince,coax inept adj.incompetent,awkward,clumsy inexorable adj.unstoppable infamous adj.notorious,shocking infinite adj.limitless,endless,boundless infinitesimal adj.tiny,minute,minuscule ingenious adj.brilliant,imaginative,clever,inventive ingenuous adj.naive,trusting,gullible inhabit v.live,dwell,reside,populate inhibit v.control,limit,restrain initial adj.original,first,beginning,introductory innate adj.natural,inborn innocuous adj.harmless, inoffensive intense adj.powerful,heightened,concentrated intricate adj.complicated,complex,involved involved adj.complicated,intricate,complex,elaborate irate adj.angry,annoyed,upset jagged adj.rough,rugged,uneven,irregular
jeopardy n.danger,hazard,risk,threat jolly adj.joyful,happy,cheerful jolt v. shock,jar,shake up,surprise n.blow,surprise,shock keen adj.sharp/ shrewed,clever,bright/eager,enthusiastic
key adj.crucial,important,critical knack n. skill,ability,aptitude,talent ******************************************* Vocabulary Exercise 9 lack v.need, require,not have n.shortage,absence,scarcity lag v. fall behind,go slowly lavish adj.luxurious,plentiful,abundant lax adj.careless,negligent,loose legendary adj.mythical,fabled,famous legitimate adj.proper,authentic,valid leisure n.free time,spare time, nonworking hours leisurely adj.slow, relaxed lethargic adj.slow,listless,sluggish,lazy liable adj.(legally)responsible likely adj.probable,plausible,credible linger v. remain,stay link v. join,connect,fasten,bind n. connection,tie long v. desire,wish for lucid adj.clear,plain,understandable lucrative adj.profitable,money-making lull v. soothe,calm,quiet n.pause,break luminous adj.bright,shining,glowing lure v.attract,tempt,entice lurid adj.shocking,sensational,graphic lurk v.prowl,sneak,hide luster n.shine,radiance,brightness luxurious adj.lavish,elegant,plush magnificent adj.majestic,impressive,splendid
magnitude n.size,extent,amount mandatory adj.necessary,obligatory,compulsory manipulate v.control,influence mar v. damage,ruin,deface,spoil massive adj.huge,giant,colossal,immense memorable adj.unforgettable,impressive,striking mend v.fix,repair mild adj.gentle,moderate,calm,temperate mingle v.blend,combine,mix minute adj.tiny,minuscule,infinitesimal mist n.fog,haze monitor v. observe,watch moral adj.honorable,ethical morale n.spirit,confidence,attitude mourn v.lament,cry,show sorrow murky adj.unclear,cloudy,foggy,dark mushroom v.expand rapidly,grow quickly mysterious adj.puzzling,strange mythical adj.legendary,imaginary,fictional Vocabulary Exercise 10
negligible adj.unimportant,trivial nightmarish adj.frightening,terrifying,horrible nimble adj.graceful,agile notable adj.remarkable,conspicuous,striking notify v.inform,tell notion n.idea,concept,thought notorious adj.infamous,disreputable novel adj.new,innovative objective adj.fair,impartial,unbiased,neutral n.goal,purpose,aim
oblong adj.oval obscure adj.unfamiliar,ambiguous,little-known obsolete adj.antiquated,out of date,outmoded odd adj.strange,unusual,peculiar,curious offspring n.young,children,descendants ominous adj.threatening,menacing,dangerous opulent adj.luxurious,plush,affluent ornamental adj.ornate,decorative,elaborate,showy outgoing adj.open,friendly/departing,leaving outlook n.opinion,view/prospect,forecast outstanding adj.excellent,exceptional,notable,well known overall adj.general,comprehensive overcast adj.cloudy,gloomy overcome v.subdue,defeat,overwhelm overlook v.ignore,disregard,neglect oversee v.supervise,manage,direct oversight n.error,mistake,omission overt adj.open,obvious,conspicuous overtake v.catch up with,reach overwhelm v.astonish,astound,shock/ conquer,defeat,overcome,overpower ********************************************* Vocabulary Exercise 11 pace n.rate,speed painstaking adj.careful,conscientious,thorough pale adj.white,colorless,faded paltry adj.unimportant,minor,trivial paramount adj.chief,top,vital,supreme particle n.piece,bit,fragment path n.trail,track,way,route peculiar adj.strange,odd,puzzling/ distinctive,characteristic,unique,special penetrate v.enter,go through,go into,pierce, puncture perceive v.observe,sense,notice peril n.danger,hazard,risk,threat perilous adj.dangerous,risky,ominous,hazardous perpetual adj.constant,endless,eternal perplexing adj.puzzling,mystifying,confusing pierce v.penetrate,puncture,stab,go into pivotal adj.important,key,crucial plague n.epidemic v.trouble,bother,harass,vex plausible adj. likely,credible,believable plead v.appeal,beg plush adj.luxurious,opulent,rich,elegant ponder v.consider,think about,reflect on portion n.share,part,section,segment postpone v.delay,put off,defer potent adj.strong,powerful,effective pounce v.jump,leap,spring precious adj.expensive,costly,rare,desirable precise adj.accurate,exact,definite premier adj.first,opening,earliest,initial/ chief,leading,foremost prescribed adj.arranged,set,agreed on pressing adj.urgent,crucial,compelling pretext n.excuse,pretense,justification prevail v.succeed,win,triumph prevalent adj.common,widespread,popular prior adj.earlier,preceding,former probe v.investigate,inquire into procure v.obtain,acquire,secure profound adj.important,significant,deep profuse adj.plentiful,abundant,copious prompt adj.punctual,timely prosper v.flourish,thrive,succeed provoke v.irritate,anger,annoy/ cause,trigger prudent adj.careful,sensible,cautious pulverize v.crush,grind,powder pungent adj.bitter,harsh,biting,sharp pursue v. chase,follow,seek puzzling adj.mystifying,confusing,baffling Vocabulary Exercise 12 quaint adj.charming in an old fashioned way,picturesque,curious quake v.shiver,shake,tremble quandary n.problem,dilemma,predicament quarrel n.argument,dispute,disagreement quest n.search,journey,venture radiant adj.bright,shiny,glowing
ragged adj.torn,tattered,worn range v.extend,vary,fluctuate/roam,wander n.scope,extent,spectrum rash adj.thoughtless,careless,reckless raw adj.uncooked/unprocessed,unrefined,crude/sore,tender raze v.demolish,level,knock down real estate n.property such as buildings and land rebuke v.scold,reprimand recede v.retreat,go back,subside,withdraw reckless adj.careless,rash recollect v.recall,remember recount v. narrate,tell refine v.improve,process,purify refuge n. shelter,haven,retreat refuse v.reject,turn down,tell someone"no", n.waste,garbage,trash rehearse v.practice,train,go over reliable adj.dependable,trustworthy relish v.enjoy,savor,like remarkable adj.incredible,amazing,extraordinary,noteworthy remedy n.treatment,cure remnant n.remainder,balance,fragment remote adj.isolated,distant renowned adj.famous,celebrated,notable resent v.dislike,take offense at retract v. withdraw,pull back riddle n.puzzle,mystery rigid adj.stiff,unbending/harsh,severe,strict rip v.tear,cut,slash ripe adj.mature,developed risky adj.dangerous,hazardous,treacherous roam v.travel,wander,range rough adj. uneven,jagged,rugged/difficult/impolite route n.way,course,path,road routine n.custom,habit,daily schedule adj.ordinary,typical,regular,normal rudimentary adj.elementary,fundamental,primitive rugged adj. jagged,rough,uneven/strong,sturdy rumor n.gossip,story rural adj.agricultural ruthless adj.cruel,brutal,vicious ****************************************** Vocabulary Exercise 13 salvage v.save,rescue,recover,retrieve savage adj.fierce,wild,aggressive,ferocious,belligerent scale v.climb n.range,spectrum/proportion scarce adj.rare,sparse scatter v.disperse,spread scent n.aroma,fragrance,odor,smell scorn n.mockery,derision,contempt,ridicule scrap v.abandon,get rid of; n.piece,fragment seasoned adj.experienced,veteran secluded adj.hidden,isolated, secret secrete v.produce(a liquid),squirt sensational adj.thrilling,exciting,shocking serene adj.quiet,peaceful,calm,tranquil sever v.cut,slice off severe adj. harsh,strict,austere/undecorated,plain shatter v. break,smash,fragment sheer adj. steep,sharp,abrupt/transparent,thin,filmy shimmer v.shine,glow,glisten,gleam shred v.rip up,tear up shrewd adj. clever,sly shrill adj.piercing,high-pitched shun v.avoid,stay away from shy adj.timid,reserved,easily frightened significant adj.important,vital,major signify v.symbolize,stand for,indicate,represent simulate v.imitate,reproduce sketch v.draw,n.drawing,picture,diagram slender adj.thin,slim,slight/unlikely slim adj. slender,thin,slight,trim/unlikely slice n.thin piece;v.cut carve,divide sluggish adj.slow,listless,lazy,lethargic sly adj.cunning,clever,shrewd soak v.wet,drench,saturate solace n.comfort,consolation,relief solitary adj.alone,single,solo,isolated somber adj.serious,grave,solemn sort v. classify,categorize; n.type,kind,variety sound adj.safe,solid,secure; n.noise
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