![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--2f1psFqRZw/UDAPItegGUI/AAAAAAAAGmw/6QtAORyndI8/s596/h1.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-QS2doLSVRyE/UDAPH_MdR4I/AAAAAAAAGmo/8AtxtSRkIlU/s565/h1a.jpg> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-F9FcL7mz0DM/UDAPHVCJTCI/AAAAAAAAGmg/zThenGjDQTs/s370/h2.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7SfsZRANRLw/UDAPJoJ-RGI/AAAAAAAAGm4/ekLYUJPFGag/s607/h3.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dj20Ww4uG-k/UDAG0e0vKQI/AAAAAAAAGmI/M7kZN6vzNMc/s800/Berlin_-_Pergamonmuseum_-_Altar_01.jpg>帕加馬大祭壇,現藏柏林帕加馬博物館帕加馬現在是土耳其境內的一處曆史遺跡。 <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-AV01hZngjZo/UC-3FURmkpI/AAAAAAAAGlw/l6o9_dm50Yg/s979/a4bEphesus.jpg>Ephesus <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-TL8e45HtBuM/UDAPKY6hjbI/AAAAAAAAGnE/K0FpJbDgzBs/s640/h4.jpg> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-0EczOt6Nnw0/UDAPKbdNONI/AAAAAAAAGnA/cClnYrmgS7s/s377/h4a.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-vjZ2AIGYhoM/UDAPMP84HZI/AAAAAAAAGnQ/b6JX5828vhs/s910/h5.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-gJbyFykpufg/UDAPMY2Qr1I/AAAAAAAAGnY/IVW2qqzX8n8/s552/h5a.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-NMkEWr-KzHo/UDAPNyz8m5I/AAAAAAAAGnk/e8OMZAO6PbI/s605/h6.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-6CeOI7l0Puc/UDAPNtIDhmI/AAAAAAAAGng/bh9ty7M6LIM/s640/h6a.jpg> <img src=https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-FLXXjzk4ud8/UDAPPV_8SOI/AAAAAAAAGnw/mpb01onw58M/s598/h7.jpg> <img src=https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-0GCatpqVgbE/UDAPQTfwJgI/AAAAAAAAGn4/UuRj2AvGQ9A/s595/h8.jpg > <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_1XHDHFncD6w/TUth9V2K98I/AAAAAAAACNw/E2ioq2Xdsdg/s720/800px-P._Oxy._I_29.jpg>One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid)
西方文明遊(11)希臘化時期讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記Westerncivilizations:theirhistoryandtheirculturebyBurns,EdwardMcNall,帕加馬大祭壇,現藏柏林帕加馬博物館帕加馬現在是土耳其境內的一處曆史遺跡。EphesusOneoftheoldestsurvivingfragmentsofEuclid'sElements,foundatOxyrhynchusanddatedtocircaAD100.ThediagramaccompaniesBookII,Proposition5.亞歷山大圖書館內部想像圖[
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![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-92h1QBDsGUM/UEUdg_XmymI/AAAAAAAAG94/J4Qsr9cQWKw/s640/P1030116.JPG> <img src=https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-TX-PKnvRHfA/UEUdiiPWtmI/AAAAAAAAG-A/27NgmElXOqA/s640/P1030135.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-QBinm2p-3hE/UEUdfzch6aI/AAAAAAAAG9w/4bnUjXrtJgU/s640/P1030217.JPG> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Byla5upJvSs/UEUdn-5C15I/AAAAAAAAG-I/8AbghNfoEK8/s640/P1030239.JPG > <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/--tVo41ikdU4/UEUdol356KI/AAAAAAAAG-Q/8zXDlhIN7d0/s640/P1030261.JPG> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-GOma2lJ1kpg/UEUdtQZgFDI/AAAAAAAAG-Y/6ni9zRel5ZE/s640/P1030517.JPG> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-oeAjgVHaqZE/UEUdvOviDdI/AAAAAAAAG-o/598RvG6rgoM/s640/P1040050.JPG> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-jVFAHfP72X4/UEUdugbYLhI/AAAAAAAAG-g/cok1lhnVDcw/s512/P1040059.JPG> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-VVVnN_hpmW0/UEUd25jqdWI/AAAAAAAAG-4/R2MTEyf-RvA/s640/P1040111.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-vv2_vs0yBQ8/UEUd2c8HiXI/AAAAAAAAG-w/LVdXYcFTWO8/s640/P1040141.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wlAeD8zQtME/UEUd3B7IsfI/AAAAAAAAG-8/6LGrytnMmo0/s640/P1040148.JPG> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bmsrpsovfoY/UEUd8lHlVtI/AAAAAAAAG_I/fJpbBQia6dI/s640/P1040179.JPG> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-STthB3pgSOs/UEUd-9uwJnI/AAAAAAAAG_Y/_GEL_1zjbDg/s640/P1040467.JPG> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-J2I59hngDng/UEUd9UNMWJI/AAAAAAAAG_Q/eiEbR2ueALY/s640/P1040518.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-1KhPmFsyta8/UEUeCKxQUxI/AAAAAAAAG_g/pRw1om0vNbU/s640/P1040545.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-1KhPmFsyta8/UEUeCKxQUxI/AAAAAAAAG_g/pRw1om0vNbU/s640/P1040545.JPG> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-yfexJaya3Ww/UEUeGiTB4sI/AAAAAAAAG_o/E5BF8VW6_Fs/s640/P1040573.JPG > <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-2cSH8R-eIJo/UEUeJhfyJRI/AAAAAAAAG_4/3JnrHuiIp9w/s512/P1040624.JPG> <img src=https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Io7qJVq-3a8/UEUeOxsRbhI/AAAAAAAAHAA/vr7U3mFYaP4/s640/P1040629.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ifnJkLSyTIU/UEUePQZrySI/AAAAAAAAHAI/Sk322u0GX8A/s640/P1040651.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-iEsy_omqX_Q/UEUeSuACgEI/AAAAAAAAHAQ/q0_USIVbs4U/s640/P1040656.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-wSoFHQUdgNQ/UEUeUTh_iTI/AAAAAAAAHAY/pUf8rQcwLqQ/s640/P1040682.JPG> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-rhdJWs-8OI0/UEUeVUH_7PI/AAAAAAAAHAg/peLXej9jQCk/s512/P1040702.JPG> < )
Ld在尼泊爾拍的<[
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![](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-hoTrqWw6EBg/UC-23aAKAdI/AAAAAAAAGkQ/cqxgM-8ZiFU/s519/a.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WyN152jiKgs/UC-25EX1cEI/AAAAAAAAGkY/qcW-fmguJZ4/s600/a1.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-6-58XlxlzhI/UC-250fvoXI/AAAAAAAAGkg/pXwMZir2fFw/s677/a1a.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-IUNkTl6135g/UC-27dFvDyI/AAAAAAAAGko/pG6MsrzvBtM/s609/a1b.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-njSKPpDpmms/UC-28IFRJ9I/AAAAAAAAGkw/FirrCBi_AL4/s912/a1c.jpg > <img src=http://lh5.ggpht.com/_1XHDHFncD6w/TJUl1fNGNCI/AAAAAAAABA0/S8SHldl8GnY/alexmosaic.jpg>從龐培城遺跡中發現的馬賽克裏的亞曆山大 <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZSkBuEyInBM/UDAG1GMeLCI/AAAAAAAAGmQ/wnHk8aU4oWQ/s640/Alexander_Sarcophagus.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-H6bUKhAWuuE/UC-28RU_LYI/AAAAAAAAGk4/qLBFaFhZ6wc/s604/a2.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Q4nAPKdXPd0/UC-29Ro_LvI/AAAAAAAAGlA/JyDNbMfpEEc/s600/a2a.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-yC6Oq4d7rzc/UC-29qL_x2I/AAAAAAAAGlI/2FLlYOpWCvg/s516/a3.jpg> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-d0e7oOVGT3o/UC-2_0AAGjI/AAAAAAAAGlY/RnCDJthmf64/s598/a4.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gdDvQd1zRL8/UC-2-pnfN-I/AAAAAAAAGlQ/5Z0obhalyIw/s508/a4a.jpg > <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-AV01hZngjZo/UC-3FURmkpI/AAAAAAAAGlw/l6o9_dm50Yg/s979/a4bEphesus.jpg> <img src= http://lh5.ggpht.com/_1XHDHFncD6w/TUGkEn3lcLI/AAAAAAAACJw/6hmA5VwJWIs/s512/3_2010012920284317639.jpg >亞歷山大圖書館內部想像圖 <img src=http://lh6.ggpht.com/_1XHDHFncD6w/TJkoHJ1chgI/AAAAAAAABB4/gXa7HpX3z18/Pergamonmuseum_Pergamonaltar.jpg>帕加馬大祭壇,現藏柏林帕加馬博物館帕加馬現在是土耳其境內的一處曆史遺跡。帕加馬原是古希臘殖民城邦,阿塔羅斯諸王仿照雅典衛城建造了帕加馬的衛城 <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-9od1uYFOGP4/UC-3DNabt1I/AAAAAAAAGlg/gbrM6zWnc8k/s615/a5.jpg> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-l6kWs0IS6P4/UC-3D4fElDI/AAAAAAAAGlo/2x97DoabekI/s598/a6.jpg> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-xoDPVQnklgY/T_j5GsAAdNI/AAAAAAAAGAY/tCmk2u1C6Bg/s640/P1010475.JPG>亞曆山大石棺 (現藏土耳其國家考古博物館))
西方文明遊(10)亞曆山大大帝讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記Westerncivilizations:theirhistoryandtheirculturebyBurns,EdwardMcNall,從龐培城遺跡中發現的馬賽克裏的亞曆山大亞歷山大圖書館內部想像圖帕加馬大祭壇,現藏柏林帕加馬博物館帕加馬現在是土耳其境內的一處曆史遺跡。帕加馬原是古希臘殖民城邦,阿塔羅斯諸王仿照雅典衛城建造了帕加馬的衛城亞[
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![](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-wizBX2iTkTo/UC3FlYsygxI/AAAAAAAAGiU/u8MZleitklQ/s661/f1.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-MPVVz2hJ5Y8/UC3FmlmwJII/AAAAAAAAGig/O7VINVps0Ig/s640/f2.jpg> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-jUKVHDQD4-Y/UC3FlQqk0aI/AAAAAAAAGiQ/thsc1ebdAqs/s895/f2a.jpg> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-64rzvZ31Q4E/UC3FqURMYFI/AAAAAAAAGi4/xvUglydSdsM/s603/f2b.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ehHC4KMU0so/UC3Fn0fpxvI/AAAAAAAAGio/ye2CxHKQPys/s600/f2cNaghshe_Rostam_ZPan.jpg>Panoramic view of the Naqsh-e Rustam. This site contains the tombs of four Achaemenid kings, including those of Darius I and Xerxes. <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-mS5D3LlJWmk/UC3Fo5OulNI/AAAAAAAAGiw/ZlgeZ0EA24o/s508/f3.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-mtQ1B5cxLNI/UC3Fx1WcGZI/AAAAAAAAGjY/6Ad0oiNcfbI/s640/f3a.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-DHitbk7K8kQ/UDAGxrQ-_uI/AAAAAAAAGmA/4WI9hC4Qdd4/s640/Faravahar_at_Behistun.jpg>Faravahar,最著名的瑣羅亞斯德教象征之一,被認為是人靈魂的樣子。瑣羅亞斯德教(Zoroastrianism),古代波斯帝國的國教。對猶太教以及後來的基督教和伊斯蘭教影響深遠 <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-k88YafK0YO4/UC3FtngmEFI/AAAAAAAAGjA/hJtBEDHrM6k/s504/f3b.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-CeOKwgQRm-I/UC3F1xm741I/AAAAAAAAGjg/rrLcFNJO3lg/s605/f5.jpg > <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-WfF9VkWv8ks/UC3FwPT0KWI/AAAAAAAAGjQ/br_ddWeV-S4/s597/f4.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-0zA67r-_pzM/UC3F2XQ6exI/AAAAAAAAGjo/sA_rkyw9K10/s908/f6.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-CxF0NSsnB-8/UC3F2o2xPeI/AAAAAAAAGjw/tcduZoqLU5A/s512/f6aTreasury_relief.jpg>Relief of an Achaemenid king, possibly Xerxes or Darius, on the wall of Persepolis Palace <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-aJtPrVC2rtM/UC3F30S8ZxI/AAAAAAAAGj4/7_BrS1BPVog/s844/f7.jpg>波斯波利斯位於伊朗西南部Shiraz,曾經是波斯帝國的首都,大約在前560年由居魯士大帝所建造(一說於前520年大流士所建),在前331年被征服者亞歷山大大帝焚城。 <img src= http://lh6.ggpht.com/_1XHDHFncD6w/TTZF_qeJKPI/AAAAAAAACGA/ri7uNvwsd44/s720/Cyrus_cilinder.jpg >The Cyrus cylinder, a contemporary cuneiform script proclaiming Cyrus as legitimate king of Babylon.(British Museum) <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-MGgXY9qxIaI/UC3F5nuKc6I/AAAAAAAAGkA/He9a8aVZbvs/s640/f8Darius_I_the_Great%2527s_inscription.jpg >貝希斯敦銘文位於伊朗西部Kermanshah。這石刻是刻在山崖,由國王大流士一世(前521年至前485年在位)所立,銘記他鎮壓Gaumata政變和各地人民起義以及他取得王位的經過。此石刻有如羅塞塔石碑之於埃及象形文字一樣,大力幫助專家們破解楔形文字。 )
西方文明遊(9)波斯帝國讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記PanoramicviewoftheNaqsh-eRustam.ThissitecontainsthetombsoffourAchaemenidkings,includingthoseofDariusIandXerxes.Faravahar,最著名的瑣羅亞斯德教象征之一,被認為是人靈魂的樣子。瑣羅亞斯德教(Zoroastrianism),古代波斯帝國的國教。對猶太教以及後來的基督教和伊斯蘭教影響深遠ReliefofanAchaemenidking,possiblyXerxesorDarius[
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![](https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-BCBOzaXSvrI/UC22hHO8yuI/AAAAAAAAGfo/lwil9uIHs2E/s599/e1.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bbofw4ax8SA/UC22hJN7XLI/AAAAAAAAGfk/HGxfbEYxumU/s657/e2.jpg > <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-8YcQDVERdgE/UC22hGkaQxI/AAAAAAAAGfs/kmDDTR7OErU/s600/e3Athen_Dionysos-Theater.JPG>Modern picture of the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens, where many of Aeschylus)
西方文明遊(8)希臘的藝術讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記(在世界風情的貼較清楚)ModernpictureoftheTheatreofDionysusinAthens,wheremanyofAeschylus'splayswereperformed.帕提農神廟是古希臘雅典娜女神的神廟興建於公元前5世紀的雅典衛城雅典帕特農神廟的大理石浮雕收藏在大不列顛博物館內1801年英國詹姆斯•額爾金伯爵將雅典帕特農神廟的大理石浮雕切下運[
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任致西方文明遊(7)希臘的哲學讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記(在世界風情的貼較清楚)Plato'sacademy,mosaicfromPompeii.《雅典學院》是拉斐爾創作的一幅壁畫,現存於羅馬的梵蒂岡博物館拉斐爾畫室中。柏拉圖手指向天,象征他認為美德來自於智慧的“形式”世界。而亞裏士多德則手指下地,象征他認為知識是透過經驗觀察所獲得的概念帕提農神[
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![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vZqHQlmAJh4/UCuz0yJxpwI/AAAAAAAAGZA/gJxTGBQdO8g/s582/g1.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Q9WRd3K2_UA/UCuz19YDpAI/AAAAAAAAGZQ/PJRINAecigY/s638/g2.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-l6AN-aafUFs/UCuz1GiiS-I/AAAAAAAAGZI/1ZK1RsSIXOU/s907/g3.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Gqs5whUaXGw/UCuz2PCmqSI/AAAAAAAAGZU/PcYkNFZl4ts/s510/g4.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-KJ1dTIPNo_w/UCuz3Alk6lI/AAAAAAAAGZg/mBslV7RS_L4/s592/g5.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-mH7V6kTWrOY/UCuz57hS08I/AAAAAAAAGZo/27q91-ItgZQ/s596/g6.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-lVWYYJkHLDI/UCuz6OJ5WaI/AAAAAAAAGZs/jW4nJfIBvwk/s597/g6a.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-CEf9UsNK7J8/UCuz6AAZj-I/AAAAAAAAGZ0/7TCQqVlQSJE/s742/g6b.jpg > <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-cinMEL-cJ_k/UCuz6wkYebI/AAAAAAAAGaA/0mi4K09Bn50/s600/g6c.jpg> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-v99zBGwtE88/UCuz-PDj5vI/AAAAAAAAGaQ/HbUmyqW2pW0/s777/g7.jpg > <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-A8YDfpVok6Y/UCuz8dYGP7I/AAAAAAAAGaI/0fGfIgip6oo/s510/g7a.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-y-cRhgVoFS0/UCu0ASVTR7I/AAAAAAAAGag/9jLICGxsq2c/s912/g7b.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-rpuVvj2UkaI/UCuz-fd7ywI/AAAAAAAAGaU/TRoLh-detnk/s495/g7c.jpg > <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-BQP6hx0Gyr4/UCu0ETFTUbI/AAAAAAAAGao/LR4361pjNvA/s603/g7d.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-sn_Zh3xiyuA/UCu0GGYVekI/AAAAAAAAGaw/hHFiFhvzQUg/s736/g8.jpg> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ksLcHn4suSg/UCu0IEdLL8I/AAAAAAAAGbA/xYUdOiITPnA/s712/g8a.jpg> <img src=https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Cy8H6ezjHGA/UCu0HkJRa0I/AAAAAAAAGa4/sbIJbf7Z1ZA/s511/g8b.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-VI7WmpbloRg/UCu0JBWgVwI/AAAAAAAAGbI/a8TjNqkvldE/s599/g8c.jpg > <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-U7-QQ5FPPCc/UCu0MFX2imI/AAAAAAAAGbg/VEeJZ9lluxQ/s677/g8d.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-hmXNCkBimBc/UCu0K6X5LpI/AAAAAAAAGbQ/BkV0cREoV8Q/s496/g8e.jpg> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-7FBd7Qsy4AY/UCu0MGtjotI/AAAAAAAAGbY/yJAhuVgzE20/s598/g8f.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7N_AImvEvqM/UCu0NPrVZ7I/AAAAAAAAGbo/KTJ0khdKlW0/s881/g8g.jpg> <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-fX4yuJLefOg/UCu0O2I5q9I/AAAAAAAAGbw/FwKKZYQJFWA/s598/g9.jpg> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-T0A--vioLgI/UCu0O3WoVUI/AAAAAAAAGb0/SguFVBlvF60/s880/g9a.jpg> )
西方文明遊(6)希臘的城邦讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記(在世界風情的貼較清楚)[
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![](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-etM46NzGKEI/UCsNNaCDROI/AAAAAAAAGXo/Jxo7ETE5F2U/s714/m1.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-RSs7X-Z3oxE/UCsNOz1CPgI/AAAAAAAAGXw/mRwAHz9OPYg/s599/m2.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-2xEBzX99Afw/UCsNPS-hG0I/AAAAAAAAGX4/arQKMYTizDc/s595/m3.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-uwZ7nUBN4fk/UCsNNVDjtCI/AAAAAAAAGXg/0WlgjHBN-2k/s750/knossos_crete_3201.jpg>米諾斯王宮遺址「米諾斯」這個名字源於古希臘神話中的克裏特國王米諾斯。20世紀初英國考古學家阿瑟•愛文斯在克裏特島挖掘出古代的王宮遺址,認為這就是傳說中米諾斯王朝的迷宮。因此,愛文斯將此遺址所代表的文明稱為「米諾斯文明」。但人們並未確定傳說中的米諾斯即是一位真實的米諾斯統治.米諾斯文明,出現於公元前3000年—前1450年。該文明的發展主要集中在克裏特島 <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-hZFnQ0UXpQs/UCsNQAO0cLI/AAAAAAAAGYI/HtmJYIu2S7E/s899/m5.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Y6-h_aT95mo/UCsNPHMB6bI/AAAAAAAAGX8/5XE3_7gFRRg/s309/m4.jpg > <img src=https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vtB5bikxgQ0/UCsNQvaOuvI/AAAAAAAAGYQ/f5vWU3qjGiw/s593/m6.jpg> <img src=https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-cHFNZLjvRuw/UCsNK0D-oOI/AAAAAAAAGW4/haZqjVw5xpM/s720/Knossos_bull.jpg>跳牛雜耍,米諾斯宮壁畫 <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-v_VllH1CwOo/UCsNRBw4jQI/AAAAAAAAGYg/TJRvoO0YTp0/s599/m8.jpg> <img src= https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-Z3_76w8E4H4/UCsNQz673KI/AAAAAAAAGYY/HBXLAuxnEIQ/s528/m7.jpg> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-c3-oSOWOsh0/UCsNMTRkenI/AAAAAAAAGXY/RKLuV8qkLKk/s512/Mykene_Loewentor_mit_Doerpfeld_und_Schliemann.jpg>海因裏希•施裏曼(門上、圖右之戴眼鏡佇拐杖者)在邁錫尼的獅子門,約1885年德國傳奇的考古學家海因裏希•施裏曼。出於一個童年的夢想,他執著地放棄了商業生涯,投身於考古事業,使得荷馬史詩中長期被認為是文藝虛構的國度:特洛伊、邁錫尼和梯林斯重現天日。邁錫尼文明是希臘青銅時代晚期的文明,它由伯羅奔尼撒半島的邁錫尼城而得名。約公元前2000年左右,希臘人開始在巴爾幹半島南端定居。從公元前16世紀上半葉起逐漸形成一些奴隸占有製國家,出現了邁錫尼文明。 <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-p7Rhy2T0Uao/UCsNLku1hTI/AAAAAAAAGXM/m4dODzA5OMs/s303/MaskeAgamemnon.JPG> <img src= https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-UXso6iBbOII/UCsNLZ_69BI/AAAAAAAAGXI/8I-Cwf4_M10/s600/Knossos.jpg> <img src= https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-jIM2De59L6g/UCfRRpAGNmI/AAAAAAAAGWU/eWIJ1J1J27I/s300/P8089330.JPG> <img src= https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-dB3IB2Xpggo/UCsNSSqc6xI/AAAAAAAAGYo/S4q5ifu0QqY/s599/m9.jpg>)
西方文明遊(5)米諾斯邁錫尼讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記(在世界風情的貼較清楚)米諾斯王宮遺址「米諾斯」這個名字源於古希臘神話中的克裏特國王米諾斯。20世紀初英國考古學家阿瑟•愛文斯在克裏特島挖掘出古代的王宮遺址,認為這就是傳說中米諾斯王朝的迷宮。因此,愛文斯將此遺址所代表的文明稱為「米諾斯文明」。但人們[
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西方文明遊(4)希伯來舊約聖經讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記(在世界風情的貼較清楚)麥倫普塔赫石碑(TheMerneptahStele)收藏在開羅的埃及博物館。
法老麥倫普塔赫(Merneptah)在公元前1213年到前1203年在位,他在此石碑上刻下碑文。碑文也是至今為止發現的證明以色列存在的年代最古的證據。譯文為:“以色列慘遭蹂躪,幾乎滅種”米開[
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西方文明遊(3)古埃及讀《西方文明史》(原著:伯恩斯等,譯者:王覺非等)的筆記(在世界風情的貼較清楚)在大英博物館埃及廳的羅塞塔石碑
RosettaStone是一塊製作於公元前196年的大理石石碑,是一塊刻有埃及國王托勒密五世詔書的石碑。這塊石碑同時刻有同一段文字的三種不同語言版本,使得近代的考古學家解讀出已經失傳千餘年的埃及象形文,而成為研究古埃及[
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