I paid some attention to Physics and CS

All depends on job market. 

Almost a must for Physics professor. ~ 20% PhD graduates become professors (not right away). 

CS not a must. 40% goes to acedemia.

https://cra.org/updated-analysis-of-current-and-future-computer-science-needs-via-advertised-faculty-searches-for-2021/

https://cra.org/crn/2024/01/analysis-of-current-and-future-computer-science-needs-via-advertised-faculty-searches-for-2024/

 

https://ww2.aip.org/statistics/faculty-job-market-in-physics-and-astronomy-departments

 

https://ww2.aip.org/statistics/whos-hiring-physics-phds

 

https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf24300/data-tables

 

USA physics and CS phd graduates around 2-3k each year. Some could become professor outside of USA but there are graduates from overseas competing for professor positions in USA. 

Biology professors typically go through 2-term postdoc. 

 

加注：樓下說 research type university CS tenure track professor positions still require postdoc.