Five Army and
four Navy officers received five stars
George C. Marshall,
Douglas MacArthur,
Dwight D. Eisenhower,
Henry H. Arnold, ---- 陸軍上將,後改為空軍上將。
Omar Bradley,
William D. Leahy,
Ernest J. King,
Chester Nimitz, and
William F. Halsey).
所以,美軍是9人10個五星上將。
Bradley was the last officer to receive the rank, in 1950.
The rank has lain dormant since then.
According to military regulations governing rank,
two Army officers achieved superior rank to that of five stars, 6 stars,
even though they never got that many. They were
George Washington 華盛頓 and John J. Pershing 潘興.
=========
德威
George Dewey (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was Admiral of the Navy,
the only person in United States Navy history to have attained the rank.
右為 4-星 加 2 鐵錨
March 24, 1903 (Retroactive to March 2, 1899)
George Dewey is the highest-ranking officer in the history of the United States Navy. He is the only person ever to hold this rank. Admiral of the Navy is equivalent to General of the Armies. General John J. Pershing, US Army, was promoted to General of the Armies in 1919, and Lieutenant General George Washington, US Army, was posthumously promoted on the Retired List of the US Army to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States, with an effective date of rank of 4 July 1976.
“On March 2, 1899, Congress approved the creation of the grade of Admiral of the Navy. On March 3, President McKinley transmitted to the Senate his nomination of George Dewey for the new grade, which was approved the same day.”
潘興
前排中 潘興 WW I
General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948)
“In 1919, by Congressional directive, the rank of General of the Armies was formally established and John J. Pershing became the first person to hold the rank.”
潘興獨有特有的 4顆金星徽章
----------------
6-星上將 徽章,僅僅是提議,實際上美國會從來沒有決定
Proposed six-star rank from December 14, 1944.
(Congress never officially adopted the proposed six-star insignia for the General of the Armies rank.)
General of the Army was created as five-star rank by an Act of Congress on a temporary basis with the enactment of Public Law 78-482. The law creating the five-star rank stipulated that Pershing was to be considered senior to the five-star generals of World War II.
The United States Infantry Association's Infantry Journalof 1949 states 'Presumably a "General of the Armies" could wear six stars if he was so-minded'.
Pershing's death before Congress decided whether to adopt the six-star insignia rendered the question moot.
美國實際上隻曾有建議但沒有真正實行 6-星上將軍銜
"General of the Armies" 全美國軍事力量統帥
是最高統帥
高於任何五星上將
-----------
華盛頓
“On March 13, 1978, George Washington was posthumously promoted to the full grade ofGeneral of the Armies of the United States, with effective date from July 4, 1976.
The promotion was authorized by a congressional joint resolution on January 19, 1976 which recommended Washington's promotion and further declared that no officer of the United States armed forces should ever outrank George Washington.”
國會宣布:美國任何軍人的軍銜不能高於華盛頓。
------------
The only equivalent six-star flag officers in U.S. military history and their chosen rank insignia
General of the Armies
John Pershing
The rank of General of the Armies had previously been granted, in 1919, to active-duty four-starGeneral John J. Pershing. As the five-star rank did not exist at that time, the concept of this being a six-star rank was moot. The markings used to identify Pershing's new ranking as higher than general was a bank of four gold (rather than silver) stars.
Highest-Ranking Officers in U.S. History
General and Commander-in-Chief1
- George Washington (1732–1799), b. Westmoreland County, Va., unanimously voted by Congress on June 15, 1775, to the rank of general and commander-in-chief (of the Continental army).
General of the Armies2
- John Joseph Pershing (1860–1948), b. Linn County, Mo., made permanent general of the armies, 1919.
General of the Army, General of the Air Force
(Five-Stars)
- George Catlett Marshall (1880–1959), b. Uniontown, Pa., promoted Dec. 1944.
- Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964), b. Little Rock, Ark., promoted Dec. 1944.
- Dwight David Eisenhower (1890–1969), b. Denison, Tex., promoted Dec. 1944.
- Henry Harley Arnold (1886–1950), b. Gladwyne, Pa. Arnold had the unique distinction of being a five-star general twice—in 1944 as general of the army, and in June 1949 as general of the air force. He is the only air force general to have held the five-star rank.
- Omar Nelson Bradley (1893–1981), b. Clark, Mo., promoted Sept. 1950.
Admiral of the Navy
- George Dewey (1837–1917), b. Montpelier, Vt., promoted March 1899.
Fleet Admiral (Five-Stars)
- William Daniel Leahy (1875–1959), b. Hampton, Iowa, promoted Dec. 1944.
- Ernest Joseph King (1878–1956), b. Lorain, Ohio, promoted Dec. 1944.
- Chester William Nimitz (1885–1966), b. Fredericksburg, Tex., promoted Dec. 1944.
- William Frederick Halsey (1882–1959), b. Elizabeth, N.J., promoted Dec. 1945.
• | George Marshall | 16 December 1944 |
• | Douglas MacArthur | 18 December 1944 |
• | Dwight D. Eisenhower | 20 December 1944 |
• | Henry H. Arnold | 21 December 1944 |
• | Omar Bradley | 22 September 1950 |
The timing of the first four of these appointments was coordinated with the following appointments of the U.S. Navy's first three five-star Fleet Admirals:
• | William D. Leahy | 15 December 1944 |
• | Ernest J. King | 17 December 1944 |
• | Chester W. Nimitz | 19 December 1944 |
This was to establish both an order of seniority among the generals and a near-equivalence between the services. The final naval appointment of a five-star rank was that of
William Halsey, Jr. on 11 December 1945.
-------------
Name | Date of Rank | Place of Burial | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adm. William D. Leahy |
Dec. 15, 1944 |
Arlington National Cemetery |
||
Gen. George C. Marshall | Dec. 16, 1944 | Arlington National Cemetery | ||
Adm. Ernest J. King | Dec. 17, 1944 | Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. | ||
Gen. Douglas MacArthur | Dec. 18, 1944 | Norfolk, Va. | ||
Adm. Chester Nimitz | Dec. 19, 1944 | Golden Gate, Calif. | ||
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower | Dec. 20, 1944 | Abilene, Kan. | ||
Gen. Henry H. Arnold |
Dec. 21, 1944 |
Arlington National Cemetery |
||
Adm. William F. Halsey | Dec. 11, 1945 | Arlington National Cemetery | ||
Gen. Omar N. Bradley | Sept. 20, 1950 | Arlington National Cemetery |
五星將軍始於 第二次世界大戰中的 1944年。1950年 布萊德雷 是最後任命的一位五星上將,此後美軍不再新任五星將軍。
布萊德雷
US President Harry Truman pinning the five-star general insignia onto Omar Bradley's uniform,
22 Sep 1950 ww2dbase
最後授予最後
最後 授予的一位 五星上將 布萊德雷
總統 杜魯門 親自為其 加星
是布萊德雷等將 麥克阿瑟 攆下台的
Chester Nimitz 尼米茲
William F. Halsey 豪爾希
。