大美格州法：Stand Your Ground， Duty to Retreat，有的州要求你使用武力前的先撤

State-by-State Summary

State	Stand Your Ground	Castle Doctrine	Duty to Retreat
Alabama	Yes	Yes	No
Alaska	Yes	Yes	No
Arizona	Yes	Yes	No
California	No	Yes	Yes (in public)
Colorado	No	Yes (Make My Day Law)	Yes
Florida	Yes	Yes	No
Georgia	Yes	Yes	No
Illinois	No	Yes	Yes (some exceptions)
Indiana	Yes	Yes	No
Louisiana	Yes	Yes	No
Massachusetts	No	Yes (limited)	Yes
Michigan	Yes	Yes	No
Mississippi	Yes	Yes	No
Nevada	Yes	Yes	No
New York	No	Yes (limited)	Yes
North Carolina	Yes	Yes	No
Ohio	Yes (since 2021)	Yes	No
Oregon	No	Yes	Yes
Pennsylvania	Yes (limited)	Yes	No (with exceptions)
Texas	Yes	Yes	No
Utah	Yes	Yes	No
Washington	Yes	Yes	No
Wisconsin	Yes (in most situations)	Yes	No

 

Term	Description
Duty to Retreat	Requires you to retreat (if safely possible) before using deadly force in public.
Stand Your Ground	No duty to retreat before using deadly force in public if you are lawfully present.
Castle Doctrine	No duty to retreat when defending yourself at home (and sometimes workplace or vehicle).

 

 

• Stand Your Ground States (30+ total): Most Southern and Western states fall into this category.

• Castle Doctrine is near-universal: Almost all states recognize some form of Castle Doctrine for home defense.

• Strict Duty to Retreat: Found mostly in the Northeast and a few Midwestern states (e.g., NY, MA, OR).