回複：cash out 保險公司寄來的一張支票，是否就不能再追究對方的責任了？

Normally, yes. Cashing the check is the full acceptance of its terms, full and final settlement. When you receive the check, you can still cash it without accepting its terms but it is too late now. You may go to court and tell the judge you did not understand the meaning and see what the judge has to say.