2) The situation in you second question only applies to people who hold J-1 visa but don't receive funding from China.
3)No reason for you to apply J1 waiver. But you can apply F1 by obtaining visa from outside US. that is, going to Canada, Mexico, or back to China to apply F1 visa.
4) Once you have J-1 waivered, no one want to get into that trap again. But if you plan to go back, it does not matter.