廣泛篩查造成DCIS過度診斷與過度治療這個現象是真實存在的。但目前沒有好的辦法來分辨預測具體哪些DCIS病人將來會惡化轉移

（雖然知道隻是很少部分）。這就是目前的難題。

DCIS incidence is highly increased since population-based breast cancer screening.

There is strong evidence that breast cancer screening results in overdiagnosis of DCIS.

We are unable to predict the individual risk of DCIS progression into invasive carcinoma.

 

Finding the balance between over- and under-treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)