注射血清或接受輸血都是Passive Immunization

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Passive Immunization

The Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia

Administering diphtheria antitoxin derived from horse serum, 1895

This article assumes familiarity with the terms antibody, antigen, immunity, andpathogen. See the Glossary for definitions.

A person may become immune to a specific disease in several ways. For some illnesses, such as measles and chickenpox, having the disease usually leads to lifelong immunity to it. Vaccination is another way to become immune to a disease. Both ways of gaining immunity, either from having an illness or from vaccination, are examples ofactive immunity. Active immunity results when a person’s immune system works to produce antibodies and activate other immune cells to certain pathogens. If the person encounters that pathogen again, long-lasting immune cells specific to it will already be primed to fight it.

A different type of immunity, called passive immunity, results when a person is given someone else’s antibodies. When these antibodies are introduced into the person’s body, the “loaned” antibodies help prevent or fight certain infectious diseases. The protection offered by passive immunization is short-lived, usually lasting only a few weeks or months. But it helps protect right away.

感染埃博拉病毒的美國醫生布蘭特利及女傳教士裏特博爾

埃博拉疫情肆虐西非，兩名在利比裏亞工作的美國人感染病毒後目前正在接受治療。據香港《東方日報》8月1日報道，麵對僅有一人份的血清，染病醫生果斷決定將血清讓與女傳教士。

染病的兩名美國人分別是醫生布蘭特利及女傳教士裏特博爾。布蘭特利所工作的慈善組織於31日發聲明，指治療埃博拉的試驗性血清運雖然抵利比裏亞，然而份量隻足夠一人使用。

布蘭特利隨後表示，要將血清用於染病的裏特博爾身上；而他則接受一名14歲男童的輸血。該名男童埃博拉病毒後痊愈，也曾受到布蘭特利的照顧。

埃博拉病毒新一波疫情最初於今年3月爆發於幾內亞，隨後迅速向利比裏亞與塞拉利昂擴散。世界衛生組織統計稱，截止7月29日，埃博拉病毒已導致672人死亡。