加州的CCWP(Concealed Weapon Permit)法並不完全排除非公民和非永久居民可以擁搶,參見People v. Rappard (1973) and Dorsey v. LVMPD (1972)判例。當然當局會不鼓勵discourage外籍人士申請CCWP。留學生可以考慮申請擁搶