2022 年諾貝爾獎"完全瘋狂”的量子糾纏隔空思想交流, 靈魂旅行
科學界似乎都認為，量子糾纏的一方隻能檢測，不能操縱，無法編碼。那量子通訊如何實現呢？
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2022 年諾貝爾獎, 隔空思想交流, 靈魂旅行隔空, "完全瘋狂”的量子糾纏領域
Spiritual force, holy spirit, soul connection, the universe, soul travel, spacious exchange of ideas,
“Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger were cited by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for experiments proving the “totally crazy” field of quantum entanglements to be all too real. They demonstrated that unseen particles, such as photons, can be linked, or “entangled,” with each other even when they are separated by large distances.”
It all goes back to a feature of the universe that even baffled Albert Einstein and connects matter and light in a tangled, chaotic way.
Bits of information or matter that used to be next to each other even though they are now separated have a connection or relationship — something that can conceivably help encrypt information or even teleport. A Chinese satellite now demonstrates this and potentially lightning fast quantum computers, still at the small and not quite useful stage, also rely on this entanglement. Others are even hoping to use it in superconducting material.
“It's so weird,” Aspect said of entanglement in a telephone call with the Nobel committee. “I am accepting in my mental images something which is totally crazy.”
Yet the trio's experiments showed it happen in real life.
“Why this happens I haven't the foggiest,” Clauser told The Associated Press during a Zoom interview in which he got the official call from the Swedish Academy several hours after friends and media informed him of his award. “I have no understanding of how it works but entanglement appears to be very real.”
His fellow winners also said they can't explain the how and why behind this effect. But each did ever more intricate experiments that prove it just is.
Clauser, 79, was awarded his prize for a 1972 experiment, cobbled together with scavenged equipment, that helped settle a famous debate about quantum mechanics between Einstein and famed physicist Niels Bohr. Einstein described “a spooky action at a distance” that he thought would eventually be disproved.
“I was betting on Einstein,” Clauser said. “But unfortunately I was wrong and Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right.”
Aspect said Einstein may have been technically wrong, but deserves huge credit for raising the right question that led to experiments proving quantum entanglement.
“Most people would assume that nature is made out of stuff distributed throughout space and time," said Clauser, who while a high school student in the 1950s built a video game on a vacuum tube computer. "And that appears not to be the case.”
What the work shows is “parts of the universe — even those at great distances from each other — are connected,” said Johns Hopkins physicist N. Peter Armitage. “This is something so unintuitive and something so at odds with how we feel the world ‘should’ be.”
This hard-to-understand field started with thought experiments. But what in one sense is philosophical musings about the universe also holds hope for more secure and faster computers all based on entangled photons and matter that still interact no matter how distant.
“With my first experiments I was sometimes asked by the press what they were good for,” Zeilinger, 77, told reporters in Vienna. “And I said with pride: ‘It’s good for nothing. I’m doing this purely out of curiosity.’”
In quantum entanglement, establishing common information between two photons not near each other "allows us to do things like secret communication, in ways which weren’t possible to do before,” said David Haviland, chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.
Quantum information “has broad and potential implications in areas such as secure information transfer, quantum computing and sensing technology," said Eva Olsson, a member of the Nobel committee. "Its predictions have opened doors to another world, and it has also shaken the very foundations of how we interpret measurements.”
The kind of secure communication used by China’s Micius satellite — as well as by some banks — is a “success story of quantum entanglement,” said Harun Siljak of Trinity College Dublin. By using one entangled particle to create an encryption key, it ensures that only the person with the other entangled particle can decode the message and "the secret shared between these two sides is a proper secret,” Siljak said.
While quantum entanglement is “incredibly cool” security technologist Bruce Schneier, who teaches at Harvard, said it is fortifying an already secure part of information technology where other areas, including human factors and software are more of a problem. He likened it to installing a side door with 25 locks on an otherwise insecure house.
At a news conference, Aspect said real-world applications like the satellite were “fantastic.”
“I think we have progress toward quantum computing. I would not say that we are close," the 75-year-old physicist said. “I don’t know if I will see it in my life. But I am an old man.”
Speaking by phone to a news conference after the announcement, the University of Vienna-based Zeilinger said he was “still kind of shocked” at hearing he had received the award.
Clauser, Aspect and Zeilinger have figured in Nobel speculation for more than a decade. In 2010 they won the Wolf Prize in Israel, seen as a possible precursor to the Nobel.
The Nobel committee said Clauser developed quantum theories first put forward in the 1960s into a practical experiment. Aspect was able to close a loophole in those theories, while Zeilinger demonstrated a phenomenon called quantum teleportation that effectively allows information to be transmitted over distances.
“Using entanglement you can transfer all the information which is carried by an object over to some other place where the object is, so to speak, reconstituted," Zeilinger said. He added that this only works for tiny particles.
“It is not like in the Star Trek films (where one is) transporting something, certainly not the person, over some distance,” he said.
A week of Nobel Prize announcements kicked off Monday with Swedish scientist Svante Paabo receiving the award in medicine Monday for unlocking secrets of Neanderthal DNA that provided key insights into our immune system.
Chemistry is on Wednesday and literature on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the economics award on Oct. 10.
The prizes carry a cash award of 10 million Swedish kronor (nearly $900,000) and will be handed out on Dec. 10. The money comes from a bequest left by the prize’s creator, Swedish dynamite inventor Alfred Nobel, who died in 1895.
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Jordans reported from Berlin, Borenstein from Kensington, Maryland, and Burakoff from New York. David Keyton in Stockholm and Masha Macpherson in Palaiseau, France, contributed.
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Follow all AP stories about the Nobel Prizes at https://apnews.com/hub/nobel-prizes
二哥得諾獎了。。
來源:
小二哥李白 於
2022-10-04 07:33:09 [檔案] [博客] [舊帖] [給我悄悄話] 本文已被閱讀： 2485 次 (1268 bytes)本文內容已被 [ 小二哥李白 ] 在 2022-10-04 08:15:32 編輯過。如有問題，請報告版主或論壇管理刪除.
笑壇吹牛不上稅，二哥6年前在博客記錄的一個有關量子物理和貝爾不等式的實驗，
最近看量子科普，明白了一些有趣的道理。。。
二哥說，“係統設計得很聰明，可以去上帝那裏領獎了。”
果然今年得諾獎了！
三位科學家榮獲2022年諾貝爾物理學獎 © 路透社圖片
瑞典皇家科學院10月4日宣布，將2022年諾貝爾物理學獎授予法國物理學家阿蘭·阿斯佩（Alain Aspect）、美國理論和實驗物理學家約翰·克勞澤（John F. Clauser） 和奧地利物理學家安東·塞林格（Anton Zeilinger），以表彰他們為糾纏光子實驗、證明違反貝爾不等式和開創性的量子信息科學所作出的貢獻。
新科諾貝爾獎“量子糾纏” 可能是超光速通訊的基礎
文章來源: 中時新聞網 於 2022-10-05 08:42:00 - 新聞取自各大新聞媒體，新聞內容並不代表本網立場！
(被閱讀 13506 次)A- A A+
量子糾纏是一種雙生量子之間的即時反應現象，如果我們能有效應用，將可實現超過光速效率的即時通訊。(圖/Livescience)
今年的諾貝爾物理學獎頒給了3位量子力學的重要科學家：阿斯佩(Alain Aspect)、克勞澤(John F. Clauser)以及塞林格(Anton Zeilinger)。 諾貝爾委員會成員歐利森( Eva Olsson)說：“量子訊息科學是一個充滿活力，且發展迅速的學門，這將是安全加密傳輸、量子計算，和即時通訊等領域的基礎。”
物理學網(Phys)報導，事實上過去十幾年，這3位科學家與量子糾纏理論(quantum entanglement)，一直是諾貝爾物理獎的大熱門，他們的發現早已被其他科學獎項所肯定，早在2010 年，就已該理論獲得以色列的沃爾夫獎(Wolf Prize)，常被視為諾貝爾獎的暖身，結果這一暖身就是12年。可能被“鴿”的時間太長，77歲的澤林格在接到得獎電話時，他說：“我非常訝異，也相當榮幸。”
他們的發現，與量子力學當中的“量子糾纏”有關，這是指同時出生的AB兩個量子之間，有一股無遠弗屆的連結能力，A量子出現改變，B量子也會有即時的反應，不因距離而有延遲。
澤林格通過實驗，展示了一種稱為“量子隱形傳輸”的現象，以他的話來說“利用糾纏，你可以將量子攜帶的所有信息，轉移到量子被重新構建的其他地方。”聽起來像是瞬間移動，或是科幻片《星際爭霸戰》(STAR TREK)的光波傳輸。
澤林格也補充，就目前理論，能完成這種傳輸的隻有極簡單的粒子，無法像科幻片那樣把一個大活人給傳到遠處。
正因為這個機製隻限於量子之間的傳送，所以澤林格曾經說：“這些實驗完全是哲學上的，沒有任何可能的用途或應用。”
但是這一部分澤林格就預測錯誤，事實上，最近十年，工程師們開始依據量子糾纏理量，開發量子電腦、量子網絡通訊，和量子加密通信技術，比如中國大陸的“墨子號”，就號稱是世界首顆量子科學實驗衛星，其研究的目標就是量子通訊與不可能破解的加密技術。
文章來源：Three scientists share Nobel Prize in Physics for work in quantum mechanics
紐西蘭的冬天 發表評論於 2022-10-05 11:00:11
隻要解決調製解調問題，就可以實現了
areYOUsure 發表評論於 2022-10-05 10:40:09
物理奴獎早就應該停了:-))
bsmile 發表評論於 2022-10-05 10:37:51
食指小動 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:13:34
所謂超光速通訊或瞬移的前提是要把處於糾纏態的一方粒子/物體傳送到目標位置，而這傳送過程是受光速限製的，所以沒有真正的超光速
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當要做信息傳輸的時候可以超光速，譬如兩個糾纏光子，一個放在我這裏，另一個放到你那裏。我要傳輸信息了，我改變我這邊的光子，你那邊那個光子也瞬息變了，這個時候就是超光速了。
paladindancer 發表評論於 2022-10-05 10:14:48
量子糾纏就好比箱子裏放了兩隻貓, 如果"發現"一隻貓是活的, na 另一隻一定是死的. 但如果不看任何一隻貓, 兩隻貓都不能確定死活.
老大粗 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:46:40
不允許的筆名 發表評論於 2022-10-05 08:53:47
啥？量子通訊不是中國發明的嗎？LOL
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是的，幾年前就有人在紐約法拉盛銷售中國移動的“量子通訊服務”。打國內電話沒有分鍾費。中美政府都無法竊聽通話內容，因為是量子通訊。
Lacedaemon 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:25:55
量子糾纏理論和計算，非但不是中國發明的，美國的量子計算機性能也已經遙遙領先中國。另外，超級計算機中國曾經名列榜首（用美國器件組裝的）。但現在美國的超算已經一騎絕塵，比中國的快12倍
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已經4段 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:15:59
不允許的筆名 發表評論於 2022-10-05 08:53:47啥？量子通訊不是中國發明的嗎？LOL
彎刀月 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:19:00
別信光速極限的迷信
相信事實 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:17:45
實際上人類可以觀測到量子糾纏現象，但離應用還早著呢。
goldeyeball1 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:16:31
一旦成真，美國就再也偷聽不到別國的信息了
已經4段 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:15:59
不允許的筆名 發表評論於 2022-10-05 08:53:47啥？量子通訊不是中國發明的嗎？LOL
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在量子通訊應用領域, 中國規模最大。中國什麽時候說過是自己發明的?你們一刻不罵中國, 心裏就難受
食指小動 發表評論於 2022-10-05 09:13:34
所謂超光速通訊或瞬移的前提是要把處於糾纏態的一方粒子/物體傳送到目標位置，而這傳送過程是受光速限製的，所以沒有真正的超光速
不允許的筆名 發表評論於 2022-10-05 08:53:47
啥？量子通訊不是中國發明的嗎？LOL