最近國際上的問題比較多,油價上漲了又回調,天然氣號稱要大規模斷供,糧食看著會出現危機,如果說這些都和我們關心的那個俄烏戰爭有關,還有幾個和俄烏戰爭無關的,比如英國首相因為違反防疫而被逼宮離職,日本前首相被暗殺,OPEC秘書長突然過世等等,而我們不免會在各種平台和不同的人談論,並且可能產生矛盾,那我今天就聊一聊矛盾背後的根源,就是雙標共情和道德利益。 首先來定義一下什麽是“雙標”,什麽是“共情” ![愛的人離開後才明白,“雙標”過頭隻會適得其反,聰明人都這麽做- 知乎](https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-ad3437be463aae98dca78f71abbcec1b_1440w.jpg)
“雙標“ 完整的說法是“雙重標準”,該詞通常用來吐槽那些用不同的標尺來衡量兩個(及以上)物品(或事件)。或者對人有不同的評判標準,比如對自己和對別人的標準不一樣(對別人要求高對自己低)的人。被稱之為“雙標狗”或者是“雙標dog”。 “雙標”相關例子 1、中國人說英文各種挑刺,你這發音不對、你這是中式英語,不要不懂裝懂。外國人說中文,哇哇哇他居然會說中文,好厲害好可愛。 2、外國女生嫁到中國就是這是真愛,中國女生嫁到外國就是圖綠卡圖這那一定有什麽過人的長處。 簡單的理解,”雙標“就是”雙重標準,先定調再解釋”。 ![人性那點玩意:關於共情- 知乎](https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-5d125e280ecf684953596cd456719e08_b.jpg)
共情(empathy) 也稱為神入、同理心,共情又譯作同感、同理心、投情等。 由人本主義創始人羅傑斯所闡述的概念,卻越來越出現在現代精神分析學者的著作中。不管是人性觀還是心理失調的理論及治療方法似乎都極為對立的兩個理論流派,卻在對共情的理解和應用上,逐步趨於一致。共情似乎為現代精神分析與人本主義的融合搭起了一所橋梁。 簡單的理解,”共情“就是”設身處地“,從他人角度著想。 再來看看什麽是”道德“,什麽是”利益“ ![道德是什麼?道德的定義】 道德是什麼?道德如何定義?道德的定義是什麼? 個人給道德下的定義為「道德是尊重人的主體性」;個人給道德下的次佳定義為「道德是尊重人的尊嚴」。 陳立民](data:image/png;base64,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)
道德 (英語:moral,源自拉丁語:moralitas, 文學上"舉止,品質,適當的行為")是依據一定社會或階級(生活形態)的價值觀、社會輿論、傳統習俗和人的內心信念的力量(生產能力)來調整對他人和自己之間的行為進行善惡、榮辱、正當或不正當等的相互關係(生產關係)的評價和斷定的行為規範標準。有著通過確立一定的善惡標準和行為準則,來約束人們的相互關係和個人行為,調節社會關係,並與法一起對社會生活的正常秩序起保障作用。貫串於社會生活的各個方麵,如社會公德、婚姻家庭道德、職業道德等。 在英語,Moral是指那些傑出的人之間的意圖、決定和行動的區分,即是正確的還是不正確的及其相關的觀念準則。道德可以是源自於特定哲學、宗教或文化的行為準則中衍生出來的一係列標準或原則,也可以源於一個人所相信的普遍價值。道德是一種“非正式公共機製”,非正式即指無法律或權威能判定其正確與否,而公共機製指所有場合都能套用的準則。 一些研究認為,對道德情操的注重,存在於所有的人類社會當中,道德情操是普世文化通則的一部分;而一些研究更認為,像是誠實、助人、寬容、忠誠、責任、社會公正、平等、家庭與國家安全、社會秩序的穩定、報恩等等和道德相關的行為,是普世價值的一部分,也就是說,這些行為可能是所有社會普遍認可的德行,提倡此種原則的倫理學立場稱為道德普遍主義。不過道德相對主義的哲學則與道德普遍原則對立,道德相對主義認為不存在普遍的道德原則。 簡單的理解,”道德“就是“建立在價值觀基礎上的行為準則” ![頭條問答- “人與人之間,沒有利益關係,更容易成為交心的朋友”你怎麽看?(224個回答)](https://p1.toutiaoimg.com/large/tos-cn-i-0022/107b960389f14096a0d9d4601465d7f2)
利益 利益是能滿足人物或團體需求的事物,如錢財、權力,意思是指對人或物有良性影響的事物或指佛教中利生益世的功德。利益在本質上屬於社會關係範疇。出自漢 《後漢書·循吏傳·衛颯》:“教民種殖桑柘麻紵之屬,勸令養蠶織屨,民得利益焉。” 簡單的理解,“利益”就是“個人或是團體的利害關係”,包括金錢,權力,食物,居住等等。 我個人的理解是,每個人都有自己的利益,同時擁有一定的道德水準,也都會有“雙標”來解釋事務,同時會對不同的事物產生不同的“共情”。 舉例: ![坐在白宮滋味美國總統究竟是份什麽樣的活兒?_奇聞趣事_嘻嘻網](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
兩任美國總統 拜登的個人利益肯定是做好總統任期,如果可能還要爭取連任,集體利益就是保護民主黨的集體利益,包括中期選舉等等,他肯定是有一定道德水準的領導人,包括一直強調的各種美國價值觀(民主自由平等等等),他會用“雙標”來處理不同的事務,比如對於獨裁者,他會大力批評比如白俄羅斯總統這種獨裁者,但是對於沙特皇室這種獨裁集體,他卻不會去批評(至少不會大力批評),他的“共情”更多的是對於美國人民,以及美國的盟友的共情,而不會是非洲人民,更加不會是俄羅斯人民。 川普的個人利益就是做總統,改變世界,所以他要選舉再來,集體利益就是推動共和黨的多數地位,包括中期選舉等等,他也是有一定道德水準的人,盡管相對於他的影響力,他的道德水準經常被人詬病,他會用“雙標”來處理多數問題,包括國際合作,他會對於獨裁者更多的寬容和理解,但是對於其它國際的民粹卻是非常反感,他的“共情”當然是和他的盟友為主,他也會和很多的獨裁者共情,因為他體會到做獨裁的不易,尤其是在民主國家體製下,獨裁者的艱難。 對比之下,我們會有很多人支持不同的政黨,也會有不同的道德標準和利益底線,當然也會有“雙標”和“共情”。 我們再來以俄烏戰爭舉例 ![俄烏戰爭最新局勢圖_鳳凰網](https://x0.ifengimg.com/ucms/2022_09/E4FB573D8F4D2B8DEB50341717B3F4A94B786A27_size1148_w1850_h976.png)
支持俄羅斯的人 如果是在中國國內,他們的最大利益訴求不是俄羅斯的利益,而是中國的利益,因為俄羅斯可能替中國承擔西方壓力而產生的利益共同體,這個無可厚非,完全可以理解。他們的道德水準參差不齊,不過如果是支持俄羅斯的,肯定在對於”侵略“的理解上有很大程度的”雙標“,而且道德層麵對於弱肉強食有很高的認同度,他們對於俄羅斯的”共情“,與其是理解他們的苦衷,還不如說是擴展他們對於西方,尤其是美國的仇恨情緒。 如果是在西方國家,除非是官方特定的外宣,多數也是從自己的利益出發,很多是因為中國利益為基準,也有很多是因為自己生活的不如意,對於西方政府的失望,這些都可以理解,他們的道德水準也是大不相同,多數對於弱肉強食也有很高的認同度,對於俄羅斯的”共情“更多的是對於西方的強烈失望,甚至反感(不要以為生活在海外的華人就不會反感西方政府),他們通常都會以北約和美國的戰爭來解釋自己的行為,自以為自己站在高高的道德高地,沒有”雙標“,其實是更加赤裸裸的”雙標“,如果反對美國的戰爭,反對北約的戰爭,那更加應該反對俄羅斯的侵略戰爭。 支持烏克蘭的人 如果是在中國國內,恭喜你,你是艱難的少數派,有較高的道德水準,這個其實和你個人的利益沒有太多的關係,如果你能和烏克蘭人民”共情“,那說明你有正常人的悲憫之心,如果說你有雙標,那也是非常正常的 如果是在西方國家,這種支持不一定符合你個人的利益,甚至你的個人利益可能正在受到損害(比如高油價產生的高通脹),但是符合整個西方共同體的集體利益,就是對於肆意踐踏主權國家利益(尤其是重要的主權大國)需要及時而嚴厲的反對。也說明你有相應的道德水準,並且會準備為這種價值觀付出一定的代價。你肯定會有”雙標“,會有解釋不同事物的混亂,你的”共情“是對於文明價值的共情,而不是對於弱肉強食的共情。 好了,例子還有很多很多,如果有興趣,你不妨找出一件事,做出一些解釋,然後從”雙標“,”共情“和”道德“,”利益“四個角度去分析,算是個小遊戲,我先拋磚引玉,做一個自我剖析。 日本前首相安倍被刺殺身亡事件 ![日本前首相安倍晉三遇刺搶救無效身亡世界各國悼念- 時刻新聞](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FXKDSUPUIAItAvP?format=jpg&name=medium)
從我樸素的道德水準,我覺得這種刺殺事件是可恥的,不論是被刺殺的對象是如何的不堪,除非他是罪大惡極的戰爭販子(比如希特勒),即便是對於普京,如果他被刺殺,我也會覺得刺殺這種事情非常可恥,不是因為他有多麽值得同情,而是對於這種做法本身的不齒。 從我的個人利益出發,這件事幾乎沒有任何影響,從我關心的集體利益,也不會有太多的影響,所以對於此事,我的標準基本上不涉及利益。(有人會說安倍曾經對於中國非常不友好,為什麽你覺得和你沒有利益關係,不好意思,和我現在的生活的確沒有任何的直接利益關係,沒有人規定海外華人必須以中國的利益為自己的最大利益) 從我的雙標定義來看,我的利益圈子從小到大包括,家庭,直接的朋友,社區,NY州,美國,美國的盟友,美國的非盟友中立國,美國的非盟友對立國,以這個為層次進行自覺或是不自覺地”多標“,我對於安倍的被刺殺是表示不安的,因為這個很有可能代表著日本的一種暗潮,有可能是極端的思想代表,比如極左,或是極右。如果要我去對比其它被暗殺的事件,比如是伊朗的革命衛隊司令,我對於他的家庭表示哀悼,但是對於他的個人並不表示同情,我肯定也是雙標的。 以我的共情能力,我對於安倍的個人經曆有不少了解,也理解他對於重新振興日本經濟做出的各種努力,正如很多國人所唾棄的安倍的很多政策,即便是對於中國不友好的做法,但是從他的個人位置(日本首相)來看,他做的也是為了日本的利益,如果有人說為什麽你不去從中國人的角度共情,安倍過去的很多對中國的不友好政策,我隻能說,我是從第三方(美國人)的角度去理解,世界上任何一個國家的領導人,如果不是從自己國家的利益出發,而是純粹的討好其它國家,這種領導人都是不合格的,而以日本國家利益為標準,安倍是合格的,而我共情的基礎是最基本的對於人的生命的悲憫,還有一個很重要的共情點在於,我曾經和美國的很多大小政客會麵(當然是集體會談那種),深深的理解在西方的公民選舉製度下,每個政客其實都是需要和民眾接觸,並且冒著一定的風險的(參見我以前寫的文章),他們的安保其實沒有想象的那樣密不透風,或者可以說是非常薄弱。 好了,戴好鋼盔,準備被砸。 |