一個熱衷於搞暗殺的總統是危險的
文章來源: cng2020-01-13 21:01:00

一位著名右派理論家,特朗普前白宮高參,薩巴斯蒂安.郭卡(SEBASTIAN GORKA),曾寫了一本書,書中記載了一位美軍“高級特種部隊將領”向他披露的美軍所采用的令人不安的暗殺手段:總統和他的團隊,視無人機攻擊為一種“輕鬆鍵鈕”。他們的邏輯是這樣的:某某某是恐怖集團成員?那好,發現他們,派出無人機,殺死他們,那我們就避免了另一次911了。

暗殺恐怖分子不好嗎?郭卡經過長篇論證的結論是:“這種暗殺邏輯,不僅僅是過於簡化的,而且更是危險的”。

危險何在?郭卡說:

總統的戰略是如果你是一個有戰略價值的目標,如果我們能得到你的衛星定位數據,那麽我們就在72小時內幹掉你。但是那又如何?總統令人震驚地誤讀了極端主義的數學原理,因為你幹掉一個,另外十五個極端主義者就會取代他。總統的暗殺戰略恰恰成為恐怖分子的招徠平台。

郭卡雖然離開了白宮,但仍然是特朗普鐵杆,主持一個挺川熱門電台節目題目叫“美國第一"。難道他現在反川了?

其實並沒有,原來他這本2016出的書是批判奧巴馬的,因為根據郭卡的研究,“奧巴馬,一位民主黨總統,卻遠遠不像他的支持者想的那樣鴿派”;“盡管奧巴馬反對大規模軍事行動,他卻相當熱衷對恐怖分子進行個人消滅”;“但是,奧巴馬熱衷使用地獄之火般的導彈,就代表了他理解恐怖主義的威脅了嗎,並沒有”。

在我看來,郭卡對奧巴馬的定點清除恐怖分子的評價雖然有失公允,但是他的數據是可靠的,比如“奧巴馬動用無人機攻擊恐怖分子比小布什多幾個數量級”。

是什麽因素催生了奧巴馬的斬首戰術?

奧巴馬對恐怖分子的斬首行為,最著名的當然是除掉本拉登了,雖然郭卡認為這個舉動破壞了和盟國巴基斯坦的關係(to the detriment of our relationship with other nations, especially Pakistan)。另外一個也非常有名的例子,是奧巴馬定點清除了Anwar al-Awlaki, 一個美國籍的也門伊斯蘭教士,他在世界範圍內用漂亮的美國英語演講宣傳鼓動極端恐怖主義襲擊,是基地組織類似政委的宣傳型人才,被來自美軍無人機的一顆導彈送上西天了。但是由於他具有美國國籍,這個暗殺行動當時引起了極大的爭議,特別是左翼人士的批評。

奧巴馬的斬首戰術,目標都是非國家和政府的恐怖主義組織的首腦或要員。也許奧巴馬覺得定點清除這些人,比發動大規模軍事行動要更加有效,這可能是來自於阿富汗戰爭的教訓。

曾記得在小布什發動伊拉克戰爭之際,奧巴馬曾站出來雄辯地論證了伊戰之不可行,被後人認為是具有前瞻性的預言,但即使當年的奧巴馬也認為美國為抓獲本拉登而進行的阿富汗戰爭,是正確的。

而當年冒天下之大不韙連阿富汗戰爭都反對的,有兩位最有名。一個是民主黨的Barbara Lee,另一個是共和黨人的老牌自由主義者,RON PAUL,他覺得沒必要大動幹戈討伐阿富汗而陷入泥潭,要抓本拉登,派遣特種部隊就足矣。當時人們都覺得這樣的反戰者太極端了太聖母了,但是20年之後人們才看到他們的先見之明。

我估計RON PAUL的思想對奧巴馬影響至深,讓他偏好於運用無人機導彈或特種部隊對恐怖分子進行斬首行動,從而減少了美軍的戰損和對當地無辜百姓的殺傷。

奧巴馬的斬首戰術,和特朗普的斬首,有一個最大的區別:與本拉登和Awlaki這樣的喪家之犬不同,蘇拉曼尼是伊朗政府的首要人物,對他進行刺殺,會全麵地影響美國和伊朗這個海灣大國的關係,牽一發而動全身,後果難料,所以奧巴馬當局對他雖然有所監測,但是始終未下殺手。

郭卡對奧巴馬暗殺行動如此擔憂的人,那他對特朗普消滅蘇拉曼尼如何評價呢?

攻擊見報後,郭卡發了兩條帖子,吹噓特朗普的英武神勇,和奧巴馬的暗弱無能:

1. “奧巴馬給他們現金,特朗普把他們變成灰燼”!(Obama sent them cash. Trump turned them to ash)。

2. “左派不去祝賀三軍總司令,反而批評特朗普,同情伊朗毛拉和“受人尊重的軍事領導人”蘇拉曼尼”!(Instead of commending the commander-in-chief, the Left and its lackeys in the media are criticizing President Trump and sympathizing with the mullahs and the “revered Iranian military figure,” Qassem Suleimani)。

 

補:郭卡大作的一些原文引用:

President obama, a democrat, did not proves as dovish as his supporters expected. He may have been against large-sclae military deploymnets in the cause of nation building, but he was more than ready to kill jihadist, or to have them killed. In 2011, both laden and awlaki met their maker - the former at the hands of a special operations force covertly helicopterd into Pakistan, the latter at the end of a missle strike from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UVA). In fact, President obama resoted to targeted killing by UAT at a rate that outstripped President Bush's by order of magnitutde. Not only was he far more willing to have American's e enemy killed remotely - often to the detriment of our relationship with other nations, especially Pakistan - but he was willing to kill a American citizen as well, citizen like Awlaki and Samir Khan, the editor of Inspire.

Did the president's keenness for Hellfire missiles represent a better understanding of the threat to America and a greater commitment to winning the war against Jihadism? Strangely enough, it didn't. 

As one high-ranking special forces general shared with me, President obama and his team see the kinetics options, such as drone strikes, as the "easy button". The thinking has become: So-and-So is a member of Al Qaeda? find him. launch a drone. kill him. then we will prevent the next 911. Unfortunately, this logic is not only simplistic, it is dangerous. 

American has demonstrated in the past fifteen years that it is preeminent in the use of overt force. As the same general told me, if we know you are a high-value target, and I have your GPS coordinates, we can kill you in the next 72 hours. but so what? The administration stikingly misunderstand the simple math of extremism. If you kill one jihadist and fifteen other fundamentalist muslims volunteer to replace him the next day, your UAV stike or special operations mission can turn into a recruiting flatform for the enemy, dooming you to endless rounds of "whack a mole" against the growing ranks of jihadist.