關於孩子報稅的問題
文章來源: JustTalk2019-04-06 05:08:08

朋友在微信群裏問,我收集了一下回複,大家幫忙看看,是否合理?如果大家還有不同的方法,請一定賜教。謝謝!

2018年夏,孩子在大學裏勤工助學,有數千美金的收入,學校發了W2。
根據IRS的規定,她的收入沒有到達單獨報稅的數額,因此她個人就不單獨報稅了。
我們夫妻聯合報稅的時候,把她算為dependent,問題是:她的收入是否要算為我們的收入?

  • 如果不算,下麵的問題就沒有了。
  • 如果要算,就要輸入她的W2的數據。 我用的報稅軟件是TAXACT,目前還有找到從哪裏能輸入dependent 的 W2。

回答1:
Do I need to file my own taxes if I'm a dependent?
Even if you're a dependent, you'll generally need to file your own 2018 tax return if:

Your earned income (money you made by working) exceeds $12,000, or
Your unearned income (interest, dividends, capital gains, etc.) exceeds $1,050, or
Your business or self-employment net income (gross minus expenses) is at least $400, or
Your gross income (earned plus unearned) exceeds the larger of $1,050 or your earned income (up to $11,650) plus $350.
But even if your income falls below these filing requirements, you'll want to file your own tax return to get a refund of any federal or state taxes withheld from your paychecks.

回答2:
2018 年已經沒有exemption 的寬減額這一項目。小孩可以自己報稅,拿回預繳的聯邦和州稅。但是不拿 Standard deduction. 讓父母 去Claim: 
a) Standard deduction.
b) Child tax credit.
c) American opportunity credit.

回答2的補充:
IRS site has detailed instructions. I just filed my teen W2 income separately. Make sure in kid's 1040 to check someone can claim him as a dependent. Thus, the parents can claim the $500 child credit that is the only benefit in parents tax return. Standard deduction is independent of number of children.

回答3:
孩子自己報稅拿回預付款,同時claim是其他人的dependent。然後,父母報稅claim孩子是他們的dependent,並且可以拿回可拿的孩子有關的credit。
這樣孩子自己報不用交稅,要是和你們報在一起可能要交稅,孩子的預付稅沒法拿回來。

又想起一個新問題:
孩子頭上有錢,是不是還要交大學的學費?我聽說,如果孩子打工收入超過$6500,其中的50%需要用來交自己的學費。這個又怎麽處理呢?

網友 Morning3evening4 的帖:
http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/bbs/znjy/4533222.html
我沒有看懂,先存著。

急加油

一直以為上大學的孩子有一定收入後,可以完全脫離父母報稅(父母不把孩子當dependent)。這種情況下,如果因為父母收入高(16萬-18萬之間為phase-out區間),不能拿education credit, 孩子可以自己拿。昨晚朋友用軟件試,發現不行,才搞清不行的原因:孩子獨立報稅拿refundable 的1000有很多條件,上大學孩子基本不可能。我讀過8863的說明,也就隻看自家的情況合適不合適,走那條途徑,沒仔細研究其它不同情況。。。下麵是8863的說明

If you were under age 24 at the end of 2018 and the conditions
listed below apply to you, you cannot claim any part of the
American opportunity credit as a refundable credit on your tax
return. Instead, you can claim your allowed credit, figured in Part
II, only as a nonrefundable credit to reduce your tax.
You don't qualify for a refundable American opportunity
credit if 1 (a, b, or c), 2, and 3 below apply to you.
1. You were:
a. Under age 18 at the end of 2018, or
b. Age 18 at the end of 2018 and your earned income
(defined later) was less than one-half of your support
(defined later), or
c. Over age 18 and under age 24 at the end of 2018 and a
full-time student (defined later) and your earned income
(defined later) was less than one-half of your support
(defined later).
2. At least one of your parents was alive at the end of 2018.
3. You're not filing a joint return for 2018.

業餘水平的會計師還是不行啊。。。不過,今年由於500塊的人頭credit (credit for other dependents),這個credit的收入限製(married-file-jointly,40萬)和education的收入限製不一樣,他們把孩子作為dependent的建議被采納,孩子有收入再另外報稅。

昨晚再研究了一下8863的說明,對拿高獎學金助學金的家庭,下麵這部分也許有用。8863說明對scholarship/fellowship數字在父母填稅表時怎麽分配,很有意思的。我舉例:

假設學校學費50,000;Board/room 13,000。

1、scholarship 40,000,父母交了23,000。用來交學費的scholarship不算收入,因為拿到的scholarship少於學費,孩子沒有收入需要交稅。父母交的錢有一萬算交學費,父母可以claim education Credit(隻需要4,000就足夠拿到所有的education credit了)。

2、Scholarship 52,000,父母交了11,000。這個很有意思--最合算的辦法是孩子報6,000的收入,就是52,000的scholarship分成兩部分,46,000交了學費,不算收入;6,000算交了board/room,算收入。父母交了11,000,7,000是board/room,4,000算是學費,這樣就可以拿到所有的education credit。。。當然,你可以選擇報2,000,父母交的錢全部算Board/room, 不拿education credit。。。記住,孩子作父母的dependent, 收入到12,000都沒有聯邦稅。孩子6,000的收入沒有聯邦,但要交州稅哦。。。

3、Scholarship 63,000。。。父母沒交一分錢,自然沒有可能拿education credit了。。。