Anti-Corruption Backlight反腐敗背後的陰影
Anti-Corruption Backlight
By: Giorgio Provinciali
Live from Ukraine
Zaporizhzhia – As Viktor Orban landed in Moscow, detectives from Ukraine’s anti-corruption agencies NABU and SAP raided Kyiv’s government district yesterday to search the office of Andriy Yermak, the head of the President’s Office.
The investigation is ongoing, with no one formally charged. However, Yermak has resigned.
While it is necessary to point out that the independent functioning of these agencies is a sign that the Ukrainian justice system is alive and well, in line with European standards, it is worth noting the timing of certain investigations.
Especially considering that informants and collaborators of Moscow have been found within these anti-corruption bodies, which actively collaborate with US authorities. The former head of the Dnipro-based NABU Interregional Detective Directorate, Ruslan Mahamedrasulov, remains detained on charges of assisting an aggressor state under Article 111–2 of the Ukrainian Criminal Code. According to the Ukrainian SBU and the Prosecutor General’s Office of Ukraine (PGO), he helped his father illegally trade with Russia by acting as an intermediary in illegal cannabis trafficking to Dagestan. In several press reports and a Norwegian article in «VG,» he appears, along with another whistleblower, as a Russian infiltrator in an elite NABU unit called «D-2,» with dozens of sensitive information being passed to Russian intelligence agencies through his curator, Dmitro Ivantsov (Yanukovych’s former deputy head of security, recruited by the Russian FSB).
Several investigations, such as those by NV and Censor.net, show that Mahamedrasulov was a key investigator in corruption cases involving Energoatom, with 1,000 hours of wiretaps on a group that influenced strategic state-owned companies and on the dossier concerning Tymur Mindich, Zelensky’s longtime associate.
The classified «D-2" unit of the NABU included another agent named Viktor Husanov, arrested in July 2025 on charges of espionage for the FSB. Ukrainian authorities cite at least 60 documented instances in which Husanov allegedly passed information about Ukrainian law enforcement officials and civilians to Ivantsov, receiving payments via bank cards.
Since July, dozens of SBU searches have led to the identification of other NABU and SAP employees who allegedly passed sensitive data to Russian intelligence services. The SBU and PGO are currently investigating Fedir Khrystenko, a Member of Parliament for the now-banned pro-Russian OPZZh party, accused of being a top FSB agent responsible for increasing its influence over NABU and SAP.
Following these serious findings, last summer the government also orderedNABU and SAP to be monitored. They publicly denounced the raids as illegal or disproportionate, claiming they were part of an attempt to undermine their independence.
After strong internal protests and pressure from the EU, parliamentary backtracking resulted: the Rada restored the independence of NABU and SAP, repealing the regulation that placed them under control.
Beyond evidence of ties with the Russian federal intelligence services, it should be noted that NABU and SAP actively collaborate with the United States Federal Police (FBI), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and other American authorities.
As early as 2016, NABU and the FBI signed a memorandum of structural cooperation that provided for information exchange, joint training, and joint investigations into money laundering, asset recovery, and the corruption of high-ranking Ukrainian officials. This agreement was renewed in 2017 for another two years, focusing on money laundering and asset recovery abroad. With Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine underway, NABU announced a new memorandum with the United States in 2023.
Various reports and political analyses claim that an FBI representative permanently operates within the NABU with his own office, suggesting that the agency is intertwined with American priorities.
As part of the investigations that sparked the scandal surrounding the «Mindich case,» several Ukrainian media outlets reported that NABU detectives met with FBI investigators on November 12. Documents from a federal court in Florida confirm that NABU and SAP cooperate closely with the main arm of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), so beloved by Donald Trump: Homeland Security Investigations (HSI).
De facto, the SAP, the specialized anti-corruption prosecutor’s office that brings cases prepared by the NABU to trial, operates within an ecosystem conditioned by European and American funding tied to reforms in Ukraine. Brussels and Washington have made the independence of both institutions a prerequisite for economic aid to Ukraine and for its accession to the EU.
The strong American and European technical and financial support for NABU, and its sharing of evidence and classified material with the FBI, suggest, however, that it has pursued cases against key figures in the current Ukrainian establishment to weaken Kyiv’s position from within and make it yield to the restrictive conditions outlined by the Trump administration (i.e., the Russians) in its so-called ‘peace plan’.
From a Russian perspective, infiltrating individuals into institutions like NABU and SAP is like reaching the final piece of a Russian matrioska: the unbreakable one, the seed. Finding strong American influence there is a blessing for a regime that is struggling to make meaningful gains on the battlefield. Every anti-corruption scandal that tightens its grip on Zelensky is a source of relief from this frustration.
This kind of justice is therefore convenient for both Moscow and Washington. NABU and SAP were created and operate within a framework of Western conditionality. The structural axis with the United States and the presence of Russian infiltration within it are key elements on which the convergence of Russian-American interests rests.
For these reasons, much of Ukrainian civil society today questions the timing of certain justice measures, seeing them as politically exploited.
What is certain is that NABU and SAP yesterday gained access to presidential offices and archives, enabling them to obtain classified information and possibly plant bugs and wiretaps that the FBI and FSB would likely exploit.
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反腐敗背後的陰影
作者：Giorgio Provinciali
烏克蘭前線報道
紮波羅熱——當維克多·歐爾班抵達莫斯科時，烏克蘭反腐敗機構NABU和特別反腐檢察院（SAP）的探員們於昨日突襲了基輔的政府區，搜查了總統辦公室主任安德烈·耶爾馬克的辦公室。
調查仍在進行中，目前尚無人被正式控告。然而，耶爾馬克已經辭職。
（圖：烏克蘭國家反腐敗局（NABU）與特別反腐檢察院（SAP）宣布突襲行動）
（圖：安德烈·耶爾馬克確認自己正接受NABU和SAP的調查）
（圖：澤倫斯基接受安德烈·耶爾馬克的辭職）
但是必須指出，這些機構的獨立運作表明烏克蘭的司法體係仍然健全並正常運作，符合歐洲標準，但某些調查的時機值得注意。
尤其是考慮到在這些反腐敗機構中發現了與莫斯科勾結的線人和合作者，他們與美國當局積極合作。前駐第聶伯羅地區NABU偵查局局長魯斯蘭·馬哈梅德拉蘇洛夫因涉嫌違反烏克蘭刑法第111-2條款、協助侵略國而被拘留。據烏克蘭國家保安局（SBU）和烏克蘭檢察總長辦公室（PGO）稱，他通過充當與吉爾吉斯非法大麻交易中介，幫助父親與俄羅斯進行非法貿易。在幾份新聞報道和挪威《VG》的一篇文章中，他與另一名舉報者一起，被描繪為NABU的精英單位“D-2”中的俄羅斯滲透者，通過他的監管者德米特羅·伊萬佐夫（Yanukovych的前安全副局長，被俄羅斯聯邦安全局（FSB）招募）向俄羅斯情報機構傳遞了大量敏感信息。
多項調查，例如NV和Censor.NET開展的顯示，馬哈梅德拉蘇洛夫是涉及能源公司Energoatom貪腐案件的主要調查員，對一個影響戰略國有公司的團體進行了1000小時的電話監聽，並對澤倫斯基長期合作夥伴提穆爾·敏迪奇的卷宗進行了調查。
NABU的秘密單位D-2還有另一名叫維克托·胡薩諾夫的特工，他於2025年7月因為為FSB提供間諜服務而被逮捕。烏克蘭當局列舉了至少60有據可查的案例，指控胡薩諾夫向伊萬佐夫傳遞有關烏克蘭執法官員和平民的信息，並通過銀行卡接受報酬。
自7月以來， SBU的數十次搜查確定了NABU和SAP其他涉嫌向俄羅斯情報機關泄露敏感數據的員工。SBU和PGO目前正在調查費迪爾·赫裏斯琴科，他是已被禁止的親俄政黨OPZZh的國會議員，被指控是負責增加FSB對NABU和SAP影響力的重要俄羅斯特工。
在這些嚴重發現之後，去年夏天，政府也下令對NABU和SAP進行監控。他們公開譴責這些突襲檢查為非法或不合適的，聲稱這是一種試圖破壞其獨立性的行為。
在強烈的內部抗議和歐盟的壓力下，烏克蘭議會采取了反向行動：烏克蘭最高拉達恢複了NABU和SAP的獨立性，廢除了將其置於控製之下的規定。
（圖片來源：SBU）
（圖片來源：SBU）
（圖片來源：SBU）
（圖片來源：SBU）
還應指出，除了與俄羅斯聯邦情報局的聯係證據之外，NABU和SAP也與美國聯邦調查局（FBI）、司法部（DOJ）和其他美國當局積極合作。
早在2016年，NABU與FBI就簽署了一份結構性合作備忘錄，規定了信息交換、聯合培訓和針對洗錢、資產回收以及高層烏克蘭官員腐敗的聯合調查。這一協議在2017年續簽了兩年，重點關注境外洗錢和資產回收。隨著俄羅斯對烏克蘭的大規模入侵展開，NABU在2023年宣布與美國簽署了一項新備忘錄。
各種報告和政治分析指出，FBI的一名代表在NABU內永久辦公，並設有自己的辦公室，這表明該機構與美國的優先事項密切相關。
作為引發圍繞“敏迪奇案件”醜聞的調查的一部分，多家烏克蘭媒體報道稱，NABU的偵探於11月12日與FBI調查人員會麵。來自佛羅裏達州一家聯邦法院的文件證實，NABU和SAP與深受唐納德·川普喜愛的美國移民和海關執法局（ICE）的主要機構，國土安全調查局（HSI）密切合作。
事實上，SAP作為一個專門的反腐敗檢察辦公室，負責將NABU準備的案件提起訴訟，該機構在一個與烏克蘭改革相關的歐美資金影響的生態係統中運作。布魯塞爾和華盛頓已將這兩家機構的獨立性作為對烏克蘭經濟援助和其加入歐盟的先決條件。
然而，美國和歐洲對NABU的強大技術和財政支持，以及與FBI共享證據和機密材料的形勢，表明該機構對烏克蘭當前體製中的關鍵人物展開調查，旨在從內部削弱基輔的立場，使其屈服於川普政府（即俄羅斯）所提出的所謂“和平計劃”中列出的限製性條件。
（圖：卡通運動的照片插圖）
從俄方的視角來看，向NABU和SAP這樣的機構滲透人手就像進入了俄羅斯套娃的最後一層：那不可打破的核心。在這樣的機構中出現強烈的美國影響力，對一個在戰場上難以取得實質性進展的政權而言，無疑是一個額外收獲。每一起可以對澤連斯基加緊控製的反腐敗醜聞，都是對這種挫敗感的緩解。
因此，這種正義對莫斯科和華盛頓都很有利。NABU和SAP是在西方條件框架下創建並運作的。與美國的結構性軸心以及內部存在的俄羅斯滲透是俄美利益趨同的關鍵要素。
基於這些原因，現在許多烏克蘭民間團體對某些司法措施的時機表示質疑，認為這些措施被政治化利用。
可以肯定的是，NABU和SAP昨日獲得了進入總統辦公室和檔案館的權限，使他們能夠獲取機密信息，並可能植入竊聽裝置和監聽器，供FBI和FSB利用。
（圖：我在烏克蘭帕夫洛赫拉德的廢墟中 - 版權所有，Giorgio Provinciali）
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